en Neurophysiology/Pharmacology Neurophysiology/Pharmacology Review Review <span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="line-height:115%">Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disorder characterized by inflammation and neurodegeneration within the central nervous system (CNS). Resveratrol (RES) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound with broad antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory properties. As the most common demyelinating disease of the CNS, MS is defined by perivascular inflammation, demyelination, and axonal loss. This review aims to systematically evaluate the preclinical evidence for RES in MS models, elucidate its molecular mechanisms, and identify gaps that limit clinical translation. Preclinical investigations consistently demonstrate the beneficial impact of RES in animal models of MS through its remyelinating, anti‑inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, as well as its protective effects on the blood brain barrier. RES, in addition to the aforementioned effects, has also been shown in pre‑clinical studies to improve MS through mechanisms such as SIRT1 activation, T‑cell apoptosis, modulation of the miR‑124/SK1 axis, and enhancement of autophagy. Although RES exhibits several promising therapeutic properties, confirmation through robust clinical trials is essential before recommending RES as a treatment option for patients with MS.</span><br /> <span style="line-height:115%">Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disorder characterized by inflammation and neurodegeneration within the central nervous system (CNS). Resveratrol (RES) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound with broad antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory properties. As the most common demyelinating disease of the CNS, MS is defined by perivascular inflammation, demyelination, and axonal loss. This review aims to systematically evaluate the preclinical evidence for RES in MS models, elucidate its molecular mechanisms, and identify gaps that limit clinical translation. Preclinical investigations consistently demonstrate the beneficial impact of RES in animal models of MS through its remyelinating, anti‑inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, as well as its protective effects on the blood brain barrier. RES, in addition to the aforementioned effects, has also been shown in pre‑clinical studies to improve MS through mechanisms such as SIRT1 activation, T‑cell apoptosis, modulation of the miR‑124/SK1 axis, and enhancement of autophagy. Although RES exhibits several promising therapeutic properties, confirmation through robust clinical trials is essential before recommending RES as a treatment option for patients with MS.</span></span></span><br /> &nbsp; Multiple sclerosis,Demyelination,Resveratrol,Oxidative stress,Neuroprotection 0 0 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2630-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Fatemeh Taghizadeh fatemehtzk@yahoo.com 3200319475328460039350 3200319475328460039350 No Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farzaneh Rezaei Yazdi rezaeitums@gmail.com 3200319475328460039351 3200319475328460039351 No Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Parinaz Javanbakht parijnazavan@gmail.com 3200319475328460039352 3200319475328460039352 No Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sobhan Ghazanfari Moghadam sobhanmoghadam@gmail.com 3200319475328460039353 3200319475328460039353 No Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Davood Zarini zeuseta@yahoo.com 3200319475328460039354 3200319475328460039354 No Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sina Mojaverrostami sinamojaver@gmail.com 3200319475328460039355 3200319475328460039355 Yes Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran