Before preparing and submitting a manuscript for publication consideration in Physiology and Pharmacology, authors should study and follow the Journal’s Ethics and Editorial Policy Principles.
Please make sure that the subject is within the Scope of the Journal, and follow the instructions below:

Manuscript preparation

References
Similarity check
Author agreement form
Submission checklist
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Manuscript preparation
Physiology and Pharmacology operates a double-blind peer review system, which means that the identities of both the reviewers and authors are kept hidden. Authors must submit an anonymous version of their manuscript file. To assist with this process, please:

• Remove any identifying information, including author names, from file names and within the manuscript text.
• Use the third person to refer to work the “authors” have previously undertaken.
• Put funding sources, acknowledgments and ethics approval information only in the title page.
• Replace any information showing the identity of authors with “details omitted for double-blind reviewing”.
• Ensure that ‘tracked changes’ switched off when you submit your manuscript.

Title page  (Template file)
The title page should include the complete Title of the manuscript, Running title, the Name of all the authors in correct order, Affiliations (Department/Research Center, School/Institute, University, City, Country), and Corresponding author’s academic email address and ORCID iD. For more information on authorship policy of Physiology and Pharmacology, please visit here. Title page should also include:

Acknowledgements: The purpose of this part is to thank all of the contributors who helped with the research but did not meet the criteria for authorship. It is expected that those being acknowledged have given their permission to be named. This section should also provide information about all the funding sources. Funding organization(s), grant numbers and titles, and the authors who received funding(s) should be clarified.
Conflict of interest: In this part, authors must disclose any competing financial and/or non-financial interests in relation to the work described, even when they are confident that their judgments have not been influenced in preparing the manuscript. Statements on competing interests have no influence on the editorial decision to publish. If there are no competing interests to declare, authors should include a statement to confirm that. For more information on competing interests’ declaration, please visit here.
Ethics approval: Authors should clarify that the study was reviewed and approved by the appropriate institutional and/or national research ethics committee, including the name of the ethics committee and the reference number where appropriate.

The title page must be uploaded as a separate file (in MS Word format) named as “Title page” upon manuscript submission.

Experimental research articles (Template file)
Full-length experimental research articles should be no longer than 8,000 words (including tables, figures and references). Please consider the following instructions and use the template file to prepare your manuscript for submission. Manuscript text file should include:

Title and running tile: Title should be concise and informative in less than 20 words and running title should be no longer than 80 characters.
Abstract: The abstract should be up to 250 words in a structured format consisting of Introduction/Background, Methods, Results and Conclusion briefly specifying the aims of the work, the main results obtained, and the conclusions drawn. Citations must not be included in the abstract.
Keywords: A list of 3 to 5 keywords should be provided, indicating the main subject matter of the manuscript. Keywords should be according to the terms used in the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) of the Index Medicus/Medline. They can be selected from the MeSH on Demand homepage.
Introduction: Introduction should describe the background of the work and its aims. It should neither review the subject extensively nor should it have data or conclusions of the study.
Material and methods: This section should provide sufficient details to allow the work and results to be reproduced. New methods and protocols should be described in detail while well-established and published methods can be briefly described and appropriately cited. The name and details of any material, reagent, equipment and software used should be provided.
Animal experiments must have been performed in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and should be reported according to the ARRIVE Guidelines for Reporting Animal Research (PLoS Biol. 2010 Jun 29;8(6):e1000412). Authors should include a statement that confirms that the study was reviewed and approved by the appropriate institutional and/or national research ethics committee, including the name of the ethics committee and the reference number where appropriate. Please replace the institution name or any other information showing the identity of authors with “details omitted for double-blind reviewing”. Ethics approval information should be stated completely in the title page.
Note: Only one level of subsection is allowed under the “Material and methods” section. Subsections should be made italic.
Results: The results obtained in the study should be presented clearly in the form of text accompanied with appropriate figures and/or tables. Interpretation of the results should be saved for the discussion section. All figures and tables should be referred to in the text, and numbered consecutively. For preparing figures and tables, please follow the formatting instructions provided below.
Note: Only one level of subsection is allowed under the “Results” section. Subsections should be made italic.
Figures: Figures should be in limited numbers, with high quality artwork. They should not duplicate the data presented in tables or in the text. Number figures consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text and place them at the end of manuscript text as defined in the template file. Individual figure files should also be uploaded separately. Multi-part figures (those with parts a, b, c, etc.) must be prepared and uploaded as a single image file. Please supply all figures with resolutions of at least 600 dpi and saved as EPS, TIFF, or JPEG formats.
Figure legends: Each figure legend, up to 300 words, should include a brief title sentence for the whole figure and a short description for each part. Methodological details should be kept minimum as much as possible. Text for figure legends should be placed in numerical order after the references, as defined in the template file.
Tables: Tables should be provided in an editable format, using table option of type setting software, not as a text separated via spaces or as images. Use limited number of tables and ensure that the tables do not duplicate the data presented elsewhere in the manuscript. Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text. Place table caption above and any notes below the table body.
Discussion: This part should explore the significance of the results of the work, highlighting any trends or points of interest. Avoid repetitive explanation of results, extensive citations and discussion of published literature.
Conclusion: Conclusion should restate the original research question and hypothesis and provide a brief explanation of the significance and implications of the study. It must be fully supported by the study results, rather than a broad statement with no strong evidence.
References: Manuscript must cite appropriate and relevant peer-reviewed literature to address all statements relying on external sources of information. Author's own new ideas or findings or general knowledge do not need references. The references should be arranged according to the alphabetical order by the first authors’ last name, as presented in examples below.

Examples of journal references
Delwing-de Lima D, Ulbricht A S S F, Werlang-Coelho C, Delwing-Dal Magro D, Joaquim V H A, Salamaia E M, et al. Effects of two aerobic exercise training protocols on parameters of oxidative stress in the blood and liver of obese rats. The journal of physiological sciences 2018; 68: 699-706.
Greenberg A S, Obin M S. Obesity and the role of adipose tissue in inflammation and metabolism. The American journal of clinical nutrition 2006; 83: 461S-465S.

Examples of book references
Bölüm K. Phillips SJ, Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke. Hypertension: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. 2nd ed. New York: Raven Pres 1995: 465-78.

Citation in the text
(Delwing-de Lima et al., 2018)
(Greenberg and Obin 2006)
(Bölüm 1995)
 

Clinical research articles (Template file)
Clinical research refers to studies involving the use of human subjects, human specimens or data and can be either observational or interventional. Clinical research articles should be prepared same as described for experimental research articles. Please consider the following notes and use the template file to prepare your manuscript for submission.

Ethics: Research involving human participants, human material, or human data, must have been performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Authors should include a statement that confirms that the study was reviewed and approved by the appropriate institutional and/or national research ethics committee, including the name of the ethics committee and the reference number where appropriate. Please replace the institution name or any other information showing the identity of authors with “details omitted for double-blind reviewing”. Ethics approval information should be stated completely in the title page.
Quality guidelines: Reports of randomized clinical trials should be according to CONSORT guidelines and must include a section entitled "Randomization and masking" within the methods section. For more information on CONSORT guidelines and checklist, please visit here. Observational research including cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies should be reported according to the STROBE recommendations. For more information on STROBE guidelines and checklist, please visit here.

Reviews and mini-reviews (Template file)

For reviews and mini-reviews, manuscript text file should include:

Title and running tile: Title should be concise and informative in less than 20 words and running title should be no longer than 80 characters.
Abstract: The abstract should be up to 250 words, not be divided into sections (unstructured format) briefly specifying the aims of the work, the types of literature used in the review, and the conclusions drawn. Citations must not be included in the abstract
Keywords: A list of 3 to 5 keywords should be provided, indicating the main subject matter of the manuscript. Keywords should be according to the terms used in the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) of the Index Medicus/Medline. They can be selected from the MeSH on Demand homepage.
Main text: Full-length review articles is recommended to be structured in introduction, main sections (according to the topic) and one level of subsections under each section, and conclusion. Review articles are encouraged to contain figures, tables, summary diagrams and illustrations of the proposed concept. Mini-reviews should have a maximum word count of 3500, and may contain no more than 2 tables/figures.
Quality guidelines: Reports of the systematic reviews and meta-analyses must be according to PRISMA guidelines. For more information on PRISMA guidelines and checklist, please visit here.
References: The number of references should be kept to a minimum. For mini-reviews, a maximum of 40 references would be acceptable. The references should be arranged according to the alphabetical order by the first authors’ last name, as presented in examples below.

Examples of journal references
Delwing-de Lima D, Ulbricht A S S F, Werlang-Coelho C, Delwing-Dal Magro D, Joaquim V H A, Salamaia E M, et al. Effects of two aerobic exercise training protocols on parameters of oxidative stress in the blood and liver of obese rats. The journal of physiological sciences 2018; 68: 699-706.
Greenberg A S, Obin M S. Obesity and the role of adipose tissue in inflammation and metabolism. The American journal of clinical nutrition 2006; 83: 461S-465S.

Examples of book references
Bölüm K. Phillips SJ, Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke. Hypertension: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. 2nd ed. New York: Raven Pres 1995: 465-78.

Citation in the text
(Delwing-de Lima et al., 2018)
(Greenberg and Obin 2006)
(Bölüm 1995)
 

Short communications (Template file)
Short Communications are short articles presenting original and significant findings for rapid dissemination. Short communications should be structured same to original full-length articles but in less than 3500 words, up to 4 tables/figures and citing less than 40 references.

Letters to the editor (Template file)
“A letter to the editor provides a means of communication between the author of an article and the reader of a journal, allowing continued dialog about journal content to take place.” (Johnson and Green, 2006).
Letters to the editor should start with the phrase "Letter to the Editor:" and no more title is required. All parts should be presented in consequent paragraphs in up to 1500 words and a maximum of 2 figures/tables. The number of references should be kept to a minimum.

References
The authors should ensure that their citations are accurate, and truly support the statements made in their manuscript. Citing derivations of original work, citing review articles rather than original works, and excessive number of citations to support one point should be avoided. Excessive self-citation, coordinated efforts among several authors to collectively self-cite, and any other form of citation manipulation are inappropriate and will result in the manuscript being rejected.
The references should be arranged according to the alphabetical order by the first authors’ last name, as presented in examples below.

Examples of journal references
Delwing-de Lima D, Ulbricht A S S F, Werlang-Coelho C, Delwing-Dal Magro D, Joaquim V H A, Salamaia E M, et al. Effects of two aerobic exercise training protocols on parameters of oxidative stress in the blood and liver of obese rats. The journal of physiological sciences 2018; 68: 699-706.
Greenberg A S, Obin M S. Obesity and the role of adipose tissue in inflammation and metabolism. The American journal of clinical nutrition 2006; 83: 461S-465S.

Examples of book references
Bölüm K. Phillips SJ, Whisnant JP Hypertension and stroke. Hypertension: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. 2nd ed. New York: Raven Pres 1995: 465-78.

Citation in the text
(Delwing-de Lima et al., 2018)
(Greenberg and Obin 2006)
(Bölüm 1995)

Use Endnote or similar software for arranging the references. Click for Endnote style for Physiology and Pharmacology.

Similarity check
Physiology and Pharmacology does not accept for consideration the manuscripts in which plagiarism is found. Authors must check their manuscript regarding plagiarism by the specialized service iThenticate and submit the similarity check report, along with manuscript submission. The manuscript will be considered for peer review process only if the similarity index be less than 20%. The editor will interpret the similarity check report and determine the level of concern and appropriate action to be taken. The journal may also use plagiarism detection software to screen the submissions at any point of processing.

Author agreement form
Author agreement form is considered as a cover letter. Authors are required to submit the filled and signed “Author agreement form” along with the manuscript submission. The form includes the conflict of interest declaration, individual authors’ contribution, sources of funding, declaration of preprint, and copyright transfer which will be effective if and when the manuscript is accepted for publication. All authors are encouraged to read and sign the form. The corresponding author may sign on behalf of all authors or unavailable author(s), but by doing so attests that all coauthors agree to the terms and responsibilities outlined.
For more information about author agreement form, please visit the Journal’s Ethics and Editorial Policy Principles.

Submission checklist

1) Manuscript subject
Matches the Journal’s scope 󠇪

2) Title page 󠇪
󠇪Format, MS Word according to template
󠇪Manuscript title, running title, name and affiliation of all the authors in correct order, and corresponding author’s academic email address and ORCID iD
󠇪󠇪Acknowledgements (including funding sources)
󠇪󠇪Conflict of interest declaration
󠇪󠇪Ethics approval

3)  Anonymous manuscript file
󠇪Format, MS Word according to manuscript template
󠇪Title and running tile
󠇪Abstract, according to the instructions outlined above, and up to 250 words
󠇪Manuscript main body according to the instructions outlined above
󠇪Ethics approval (anonymous in "Material and methods" section)
󠇪Report quality guidelines according to the instructions
󠇪References, formatted according to the instructions and rechecked for completeness, accuracy and consistency
󠇪Figures legends in numerical order
󠇪Figures of acceptable quality in numerical order, and on separate pages
󠇪Tables including the caption and notes, in numerical order, and on separate pages
󠇪Length of article according to the instructions outlined above

4) Figures 󠇪
Every figure file is uploaded 󠇪
Resolutions of at least 600 dpi 󠇪
Saved as EPS, TIFF, or JPEG format

5) Author agreement form 󠇪
Filled and signed

6) Similarity check 󠇪
iThenticate similarity check report

7) Defining the file descriptions upon online submission
󠇪Title page
󠇪Manuscript
󠇪Figure (with appropriate number)
󠇪Author agreement form
󠇪Similarity check report