en Blood and Immune System Blood and Immune System Experimental research article Experimental research article <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12px;">Introduction: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of oxytocin on the angiogenesis and inflammatory parameters in air pouch model of inflammation.<br /> Methods: Inflammation was induced by injection of carrageenan into pouches in male Wistar rats. Oxytocin (4.25, 8.5 and 17 &mu;g) was administered intra pouch at the same time as the carrageenan and then for 2 consecutive days. After 72 h, the pouches fluid was collected to determine exudates volume, interleukin 1-beta (IL-1&szlig;) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentrations. Then, the pouches were dissected out, weighed and the hemoglobin concentration was assessed.<br /> Results: All three doses of oxytocin (4.25, 8.5 and 17 &mu;g) significantly decreased volume of exudates (P<0.05, P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively) while leukocyte accumulation in the pouch fluid was diminished by 8.5 and 17 &mu;g oxytocin. The granulation tissue weight was also markedly reduced in comparison with the control group. A significant reduction in the angiogenesis rate in oxytocin-treated rats by all doses was seen. Interestingly, there was no significant difference between the effect of oxytocin and diclofenac on the inhibition of angiogenesis, VEGF concentration and inflammatory parameters except leukocyte accumulation. In addition, administration of oxytocin (17 &mu;g/pouch) significantly decreased IL-1&szlig; level (47%) compared to the control group (P<0.05).<br /> Conclusion: Oxytocin has an anti-inflammatory effect and inhibits cell influx and exudation to the site of the inflammatory response. The anti-angiogenesis effect of oxytocin may be related to the local inhibition of VEGF levels as similarly shown by diclofenac.</span></p> Oxytocin, Air Pouch, Inflammation, VEGF, Angiogenesis 48 56 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-168-4&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Elliyeh Ghadrdan 3200319475328460016181 3200319475328460016181 No Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Moslem Najafi 3200319475328460016182 3200319475328460016182 No Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Introduction In the recent decades, there have been increasing evidence that a bi-directional communication exists among the immune, endocrine and central nervous systems which plays an important role in maintaining the body's homeostasis (Jiang et al., 1998; Lawrence and Kim, 2000; Maier, 2003; Quan and Banks, 2007; Tian et al., 2012). Oxytocin is a nonapeptide neurotransmitter, hormone produced in hypothalamic nuclei (Szeto et al., 2013). It is mainly involved in uterine contraction during parturition and the milk ejection reflex during lactation (Petersson et al., 2001). Evidence for anti-inflammatory activity of Physiol Pharmacol 20 (2016) 48-56 www.phypha.ir/ppj Abstract Introduction: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of oxytocin on the angiogenesis and inflammatory parameters in air pouch model of inflammation. Methods: Inflammation was induced by injection of carrageenan into pouches in male Wistar rats. Oxytocin (4.25, 8.5 and 17 μg) was administered intra pouch at the same time as the carrageenan and then for 2 consecutive days. After 72 h, the pouches fluid was collected to determine exudates volume, interleukin 1-beta (IL-1ß) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentrations. Then, the pouches were dissected out, weighed and the hemoglobin concentration was assessed. Results: All three doses of oxytocin (4.25, 8.5 and 17 μg) significantly decreased volume of exudates (P<0.05, P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively) while leukocyte accumulation in the pouch fluid was diminished by 8.5 and 17 μg oxytocin. The granulation tissue weight was also markedly reduced in comparison with the control group. A significant reduction in the angiogenesis rate in oxytocin-treated rats by all doses was seen. Interestingly, there was no significant difference between the effect of oxytocin and diclofenac on the inhibition of angiogenesis, VEGF concentration and inflammatory parameters except leukocyte accumulation. In addition, administration of oxytocin (17 μg/pouch) significantly decreased IL-1ß level (47%) compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Oxytocin has an anti-inflammatory effect and inhibits cell influx and exudation to the site of the inflammatory response. The anti-angiogenesis effect of oxytocin may be related to the local inhibition of VEGF levels as similarly shown by diclofenac. Physiology and Pharmacology Sevda Mikaily Mirak 3200319475328460016183 3200319475328460016183 No Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Tahereh Eteraf-Oskouei 3200319475328460016184 3200319475328460016184 Yes Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran