en Nervous system (others) Others Experimental research article Experimental research article <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11px;">Introduction: Morphine withdrawal syndrome is mediated via several central and peripheral neurological pathways. In the present study we investigated the role of N-methyl-D aspartic acid (NMDA) glutamate receptor on naloxone-induced withdrawal syndrome in morphine-conditioned mice.&nbsp;Materials and Methods: We designed two separate experiments. In experiment one, 30 male NMRI mice were divided into 5 groups, pretreated with memantine (0.1, 1 and 5 mg/kg; I.P.) followed by morphine-dependence period for 3 days. In the other experiment, 48 male NMRI mice distributed into 8 groups, pretreated with intra-accumbens (IAc) memantine (1 and 5 &mu;g/animal) within the right, left and both side of nucleus accumbens (RNAcc, LNAcc and BNAcc) followed by I.P. morphine-dependence (3 days). On day 4, in both experiments, morphine was injected into mice, followed by naloxone. Then naloxone-induced total jumping count, jump height and defecation in morphine-conditioned mice were recorded for 30 min.&nbsp;Results: Pre-treatment by I.P. injection of memantine significantly attenuated naloxone precipitated jumping count/30 min, jumping height (mm) and fecal material output in morphine dependent mice (P<0.05). Also, IAC pretreatment with memantine in LNAcc, RNAcc and BNAcc significantly declined the effect of I.P. injection of naloxone on total jumping count and jumping height (P<0.05), pretreatment within memantine in LNAcc, RNAcc and BNAcc had no effect on defecation (P>0.05).&nbsp;Conclusion: These findings indicated asymmetric involvement of central and peripheral NMDA glutamate receptors in withdrawal syndrome development in morphine-dependent mice.</span></p> Memantine, NMDA glutamate receptors, Morphine withdrawal syndrome, Mice 274 284 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-887-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mahboubeh Kamali habib.yari@yahoo.com 3200319475328460015847 3200319475328460015847 No Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran Hedayat Sahraei sahraei1343@gmail.com 3200319475328460015848 3200319475328460015848 No Neurosciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Khosravi habib.yari@gmail.com 3200319475328460015849 3200319475328460015849 No Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran Shahin Hassanpour habib.yari@gmail.com 3200319475328460015850 3200319475328460015850 No Section of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Habib Yaribeygi habib.yari@gmail.com 3200319475328460015851 3200319475328460015851 Yes Neurosciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran