en Nervous system (others) Others Experimental research article Experimental research article <span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><strong>Introduction: </strong>The crucial role of adipose tissue (AT) in energy balance has sparked significant interest in researching this tissue as a potential target for obesity treatment. Exercise and dietary interventions are promising strategies for addressing obesity. This study aimed to examine the impact of aerobic training and royal jelly on the expression of thermogenesis-related genes in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of obese rats.<br /> <strong>Methods:</strong> Rats (n=45) were divided into five groups: normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet-training (HFDT), high-fat diet-royal jelly (HFDRJ), and high-fat diet-training royal jelly (HFDTRJ). Royal jelly treatment was administered at a dosage of 100 mg/kg body weight. The training was conducted at an intensity of 50-60% VO2max, five days a week for eight weeks. Thermogenesis gene expression was evaluated by the real-time PCR method.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Induction of an HFD significantly reduced the expression of UCP-1, PRDM16, and CREB-1 compared to the normal diet (ND) group (p=0.001). Aerobic training and RJ significantly increased the levels of UCP-1, PRDM16 and CREB-1 in the VAT of HFD rats (p=0.0001). The combined intervention of aerobic training with RJ had no significant effect on the levels of UCP-1, PRDM16 and CREB-1 in the VAT of HFD rats.<br /> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>It appears that aerobic training and RJ are effective methods for positively regulating the gene expression related to thermogenesis in AT, which may mitigate obesity induced by a high-fat diet.</span></span> Exercise, Obesity, Royal jelly, UCP-1, PRDM16, CREB-1 398 407 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2455-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Ahmad Abdi a.abdi58@gmail.com 3200319475328460038646 0000000277347518 Yes Department of Exercise Physiology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran