en Cell, Stem Cell and Cancer Cell, Stem Cell and Cancer Experimental research article Experimental research article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><strong>Introduction:</strong> Medicinal plants perform a prominent function in improving sustainable healthcare systems and benefits because of enriching bioactive components in the pharmacology industry. The present research aims to explore potential medicinal attributes of <em>Teucrium polium L. </em>essential oil (TEO), focusing on antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial attributes.<br /> <strong>Methods: </strong>TEO was extracted by hydrodistillation and constituents were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents were quantified using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride methods. Antioxidant potential was assessed through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2&rsquo;-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric ions reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Anticancer activity was evaluated on Caco-2 cells using the dimethylthiazol-diphenyltetrazolium bromide colorimetric technique. Antimicrobial properties were determined by disk diffusion and well diffusion methods, minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration, and also scanning electron microscopy to examine bacterial cell morphology.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> In addition, TPC and TFC were reported as 198.1 &plusmn; 4.19 mg gallic acid equivalent /g dry weight (DW) and also 56.23 &plusmn; 9 mg rutin (RE)/g DW, respectively. The promising antioxidant function of TEO was proved using achieved IC₅₀ from DPPH (94.35 &plusmn; 3.2 &mu;g/mL), ABST (83.3 &plusmn; 5.1 &mu;g/mL) and FRAP (2.8 &plusmn; 0.02 &mu;g ascorbic acid equivalent /g). Additionally, an acceptable cytotoxicity was detected by TEO according to the obtained results. The lowest (1.8 mm) and highest (13.8 mm) inhibition zones for TEO were observed against <em>Escherichia coli </em>(<em>E. coli</em>) at a concentration of 20 mg/mL and <em>Staphylococcus </em>aureus at 80 mg/L level in disk diffusion agar, respectively. The structure of <em>E. coli</em> was depicted using a scanning electron microscopy evaluation after treating by TEO, which indicated several effects on the membrane and denaturalization for bacterial cell.<br /> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, the significant antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer functions of TEO not only confirm multifunctional bioactivity but also highlight a critical therapeutic opportunity. Unlike prior studies that evaluated isolated activities, this research demonstrates the integrated pharmacological potential for TEO, positioning it as a promising candidate for the development of novel herbal medicines and complementary therapeutic agents.</span></span></div> Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anticancer, Essential oil, Teucrium polium L. 242 254 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2567-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Samira Moradi Samira.moradi@ut.ac.ir 3200319475328460039414 3200319475328460039414 No Department of Food Science and Technology, Bioprocessing and Biodetection Laboratory, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Marjan Nouri marjan.nouri@ut.ac.ir 3200319475328460039415 0000000170288474 Yes Department of Food Science and Technology, Ro. C., Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran