eng
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
2012-07
16
2
95
106
article
Investigation of the effects of a new synthetic iron nanochelator on neuronal excitability in the presence and absence of oxidative stress
Zahra Ghasemi
1
Saeedeh Fakharzadeh
2
Mohammad Hassan Nazaran
3
Mahyar Janahmadi
4
Introduction: Oxidative stress is one of the important pathologic factors involved in the pathogenesis of
neurodegenerative diseases. Antioxidants as neutralizing agents of free radicals are one of the treatment options for
these diseases and antioxidant agents that can pass through blood brain barrier have beneficial effects. In the present
research, the antioxidant effect of a new iron nanochelator on the electrophysiological characteristics of neural cells
following H2O2– induced oxidative stress was investigated.
Methods:Intracellular recordings were made under the current clamp condition on F1 cells of Helix aspersa.
Effects of oxidant agent, H2O2(1 mM), in the presence of the new iron nanochelator at high (2.63 mM) and low (263
µM) concentrations were assessed on the firing pattern and action potential parameters and were compared to the
control condition.
Results:Application of H2O2led to a significant decrease in the firing pattern and AP amplitude and an increase in
the time to peak compared with control condition. Addition of the antioxidant following H2O2treatment increased these
parameters and restored them to the control condition. On the other hand, effects of H2O2 on the electrical activity of
cell were modulated when the antioxidant was used earlier.
Conclusion:Based on the modulating effects of the new synthesized iron nanochelator on verified action potential
parameters in the presence of H2O2, it can be concluded that nanochelator probably exerts its antioxidant effects through
the alterations of the function of ion channels.
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-829-en.pdf
Iron nanochelator
H2O2
Intracellular recording
Neuronal excitability
Ion channels
eng
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
2012-07
16
2
107
120
article
Anti-inflammatory Effect of Shikonin on Cultured Astrocytes Derived from Rat Brain
Shirin Hosseini
shirin.h1986@yahoo.com
1
Farzaneh Sabouni
sabouni@nigeb.ac.ir
2
Masoud Fereidoni
fereidoni@yahoo.com
3
Ali Moghimi
moghimi@um.ac.ir
4
Introduction: Astrocytes have an important role in many neurodegenerative diseases. Active astrocytes release
inflammatory factors such as NO and ILs. Shikonin, a naphthoquinone pigment of Lithospermum erythrorhizon roots
has anti-inflammatory and antitumoral effects. The present study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory and toxic
effects of Shikonin on cultured astrocytes.
Methods:Two-day-old rat infants' brains were homogenized after removal of the meninges, and cultured in
DMEMF12+10% FBS medium. Ten days later, astrocytes were harvested and re-cultivated for more purifications to
95%, using immunocytochemistry method, and then treated by different concentrations of shikonin (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5,
10, 20, 30, 50 and 100μM) for one hour, which was followed by LPS exposure. Viability was measured by MTT assay
and NO concentrations were assessed by Griess method, to reveal the inflammation process, after 24 and 48 hours.
Results:Shikonin concentrations of 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 30μM had no anti-inflammatory and cell death effects but
at 0.1 and 0.5μM showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect and ability to reduce NO production by astrocytes
(p<0.001) and at 100 and 50μM showed a significant cell death effect and NO production reduction (p<0.001).
Conclusion:Reduction of NO production might be due to inhibition of release and expression of inflammatory and
cell signaling factors such as ILs and iNOS under the shikonin anti-inflammatory effects at concentration around 0.1
and 0.5μM. However, inhibition of NO production by shikonin at 50 and 100μM is probably due to cell death
induction.
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-817-en.pdf
Astrocytes
Inflammation
Shikonin
Neurodegenerative disease
NO
eng
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
2012-07
16
2
121
135
article
Effect of Acute administration of Cisplatin on memory, motor learning, balance and explorative behaviours in Rats
Ahdiye Shojaei
ahdiyeshoja@yahoo.com
1
Mohammad Shabani
shabanimoh@yahoo.com
2
Asghar Pilevarian
3
Shahrnaz Parsania
parsania_shahrnaz@yahoo.com
4
Moazameh Razavinasab
razavimoaz@yahoo.com
5
Introduction: For some cancer survivors chemotherapy treatment is associated with lasting motor and cognitive
impairments, long after treatment cessation. Cisplatin as an anti-neoplastic agent is extremely toxic and can cause
severe tissue damage. In the present study, we elucidated alteration in performance of hippocampus- and cerebellum-related behaviors following acute cisplatin treatment in male and female rats.
Methods:Male and female wistar rats (120) were divided randomly into eight (two controls [saline] and 6 cisplatin)
groups. Cerebellum- and hippocampus-related behavioral dysfunction in cisplatin-treated (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg/week for
1 week) rats were analyzed using hippocampus and cerebellum- dependent function tasks (Morris Water Maze, Shuttle
box, Rotarod and Open field).
Results:Exposure to cisplatin impaired motor coordination in male and female rats in all doses. In open field test,
the rearing frequency, total distance moved and velocity of both males and females were dramatically affected by
exposure to cisplatin. In Morris water maze test, male and female rats that were trained one week after cisplatin
injection showed significant memory deficits compared to the saline-treated rats.
Conclusion:Hippocampal and cerebellum functions of male and female rats were profoundly affected by exposure
to cisplatin. No sex-difference was observed in the most measured variables.
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-821-en.pdf
Cisplatin
motor activity
cerebellum
learning and memory
eng
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
2012-07
16
2
136
145
article
Effect of Ovarian Induction Using PMSG and HCG hormones on Uterus Dendritic Cells Population in NMRI mice
Seyed mohammadaryam Moazzeni
Moazzeni@modares.ac.ir
1
Maryam Eskandarian
maryamskandaryan@yahoo.com
2
Mojdeh Salehnia
salehnia@modares.ac.ir
3
Introduction: Ovarian hyper-stimulation is widely used in IVF clinics. The main purpose of this method is to
stimulate folliculogenesis and increase the number of oocytes in one cycle. Following ovarian hyper-stimulation,
hormonal secretion of the ovary, particularly estradiol and progesterone dramatically increases. Immune cells
especially dendritic cells have receptors for the estradiol and progesterone and play an important role in appropriate
implantation and successful pregnancy. Increase in estradiol and progesterone concentrations following ovarian
stimulation can affect the recruitment and frequency of immune cells particularly dendritic cells.
Methods:To explore this issue, blood was collected from two groups of pregnant mice (with and without ovarian
stimulation) on the seventh day of pregnancy. The amounts of estradiol and progesterone were measured in the sera.
The frequency and localization of dendritic cells in spleen and decidua were also investigated by
immunohistochemistry.
Results:The results of this study showed an increase of progesterone and estradiol concentrations and a decrease of
frequency of dendritic cells in hyper-stimulated group compared to the control group.
Conclusion:Considering the increase in progesterone and estrogen concentrations after ovarian induction and the
presence of receptors for these hormones on dendritic cells, the changes in frequency of dendritic cells could be
explained. Regarding the role of dendritic cells in embryo implantation and regulation of maternal immune response, it
seems that their changes may decrease the rate of pregnancy success after IVF.
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-810-en.pdf
:Dendritic cell
Ovarian induction
Estradiol
Progesterone
eng
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
2012-07
16
2
146
155
article
Role of oxidative stress in the aortic constriction-induced ventricular hypertrophy in rat
Zahra Jahanbakhsh
jahanbakhsh154@yahoo.com
1
Mohammad Taghi Mohammadi
mohammadimohammadt@bmsu.ac.ir
2
Mahvash Jafari
m.jafari145@yahoo.com
3
Ali Khoshbaten
khoshbaten@yahoo.com
4
Maryam Salehi
-
5
Introduction:Severe abdominal aortic constriction above the renal arteries induces arterial hypertension above the
stenotic site that is the cause of cardiac hypertrophy. Previous studies have shown that high blood pressure induces
myocardial oxidative stress with conflicting results. In the present study, we assessed the effects of acute hypertension
on the myocardial oxidative stress and its relation with cardiac hypertrophy.
Methods:Experiments were performed on two groups of rats, sham and hypertensive (n=5 each group). Rats were
made acutely hypertensive by aortic constriction above the renal arteries. After 10 days, the carotid artery pressure of
rats was recorded and hearts were removed. Following tissue homogenization, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and
catalase (CAT) activities, as well as glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined by
biochemical methods in heart tissues.
Results:Arterial pressure and cardiac hypertrophy index (heart weight/body weight, g/kg) were increased in
hypertensive rats 66% and 74%, respectively. SOD and CAT activity were significantly higher in hypertensive rats
(34.42±2.51 and 38.63±4.03 U/mg protein, respectively) compared to sham animals (28.58±0.28 and 23.27±2.13 U/mg
protein, respectively). Aortic-banding significantly increased GSH content of myocardium by 47%, and there was not
any significant difference in the myocardial MDA between the two groups.
Conclusion:The findings of this study indicate that acutely elevated arterial blood pressure induces cardiac
hypertrophy concomitant with oxidative stress in rat myocardium. This study also reconfirms that oxidative stress may
play an important role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy during hypertension.
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-807-en.pdf
coarctation
arterial hypertension
oxidative stress
hypertrophy
eng
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
2012-07
16
2
156
164
article
Olive (Olea europaea L.) leaf extract prevents motor deficit in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Saeed Esmaeili Mahani
semahani@yahoo.com
1
Ayat Kaeidi
2
Assistant Prof in Shahid Bahonar Univ.
Assistant Prof in Shahid Bahonar Univ.
Introduction:Olive leaves have been recommended in the scientific literature and traditional medicine as a cure for
the treatment of diabetes and this plant has powerful antioxidants and neuroprotective effects. Here, we studied the
possible effects of olive leaf extract (OLE) on motor deficits in diabetic neuropathy.
Methods:The rotarod treadmill test was used to access motor coordination in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Different doses of OLE (100, 300 and 500 mg/kg, i.g.) were given. Serum glucose and insulin levels were assessed by
specific kits.
Results:Four weeks after diabetes induction, glucose level was significantly decreased and insulin concentration
increased (P<0.001). The rotarod treadmill test showed a marked impairment of the motor coordination of the diabetic
animals (P<0.001). The retention time of the diabetic animals was reduced by 61.2% compared to the control animals,
whereas treatment with 300 mg/kg OLE increased retention time to 83.6% of the control values. That dose had a
moderate lowering effect on serum glucose with no effect on insulin levels.
Conclusion:The results suggest that olive leaf extract has protective effects against high glucose-induced motor
defects in diabetic rats.
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-832-en.pdf
Olive leaf extract
Diabetes
Motor deficits
Rats
eng
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
2012-07
16
2
165
178
article
Kinematics parameter extraction of longitudinal movement of common carotid arterial wall in healthy and atherosclerotic subjects based on consecutive ultrasonic image processing
Effat Soleimani
Soleimani_effat@yahoo.com
1
Manijhe Mokhtari Dizaji
mokhtarm@modares.ac.ir
2
hajir Saberi
Manijhem@yahoo.com
3
Shahram shamshakimi
Shams. k@gmail.com
4
S. Raiesdana
raiesdana@qiau.ac.ir
5
Introduction:In this study, a non-invasive method based on consecutive ultrasonic image processing is introduced
to assess time rate changes of the carotid artery wall displacement, velocity and acceleration in the longitudinal
direction. The application of these parameters to discriminate healthy and atherosclerotic arteries was evaluated.
Methods:Longitudinal displacement rate of common carotid artery wall was extracted with temporal resolution of
33 ms using a block-matching algorithm in three groups of subjects. The 3 groups consisted of 16 healthy men (group
1), as well as 16 men with less than 50% (group 2) and 16 subjects with more than 50% atherosclerotic stenosis in
carotid artery (group 3). Differentiating the longitudinal displacement equation resulted in time rate changes of
instantaneous velocity and acceleration during three cardiac cycles. Maximum and mean values of displacement and
maximum and minimum values of velocity and acceleration were compared among the groups.
Results:Maximum longitudinal displacement of the arterial wall was 0.438±0.116, 0.653±0.175 and 1.131±0.376
(mm) in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Results of the statistical analysis (ANOVA), with confidence intervals of 95%,
confirmed that there are significant differences (p<0.05) among longitudinal movement, velocity and acceleration of
three groups of arteries.
Conclusion:In the present study, time rate changes of kinematic parameters of the carotid artery wall motion in the
longitudinal direction was evaluated, with temporal resolution of 33 ms. Healthy and atherosclerotic arteries were
differentiated using these parameters. Our findings may help understanding the biomechanical behavior of the arteries.
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-811-en.pdf
Ultrasonography
biomechanical behavior
longitudinal movement of artery wall
instantaneous velocity
instantaneous acceleration
carotid artery
eng
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
2012-07
16
2
179
190
article
The Effect of Cholesterol and Simvastatin on Passive Avoidance Memory of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Zeinab Farasati
farasati.zeinab@gmail.com
1
Seyed Reza Fatemi Tabatabaei
fatemi_r@scu.ac.ir
2
Ali Shahriari
a.shahriari@scu.ac.ir
3
Ali Reza Sarkaki
sarkaki_a@yahoo.com
4
Introduction:Cholesterol has different effects on memory, and diabetes caused adverse effect on cognition. Since
there is not enough evidence regarding the effect of cholesterol on memory of diabetic animals, the effects of
cholesterol and simvastatin on the passive avoidance memory of diabetic rat were studied.
Methods:The study was done on 60 male Wistar rats (180 ± 20g). Diabetes was induced by i.p. injection of 65
mg/kg streptozotocin. The animals in diabetic cholesterol, diabetic simvastatin and diabetic cholesterol-simvastatin
groups, were treated by 2% cholesterol in diet, daily gavage of 5 mg/kg simvastatin, and concomitant treatment of
cholesterol and simvastatin, respectively. The avoidance memory of the rats of each group was measured using shuttle
box apparatus 4 weeks later. Also, the cholesterol level of hippocampus was measured.
Results:Diabetes had no effects on working memory, but reduced step through latency time during test session.
Treatment by cholesterol, simvastatin and cholesterol-simvastatin improved passive avoidance memory in diabetic rats,
especially in cholesterol-simvastatin group compared to non-treated diabetic control group. The cholesterol level of
hippocampus increased in diabetic cholesterol-simvastatin group compared to other groups (p<0.05).
Conclusion:Administration of cholesterol and simvastatin for four weeks protected the diabetic rats against
diabetes-induced cognition impairment, yet their combination produced more improvement. Our data suggest that
inhibition of endogenous cholesterol synthesis may improve memory of diabetic rats.
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-814-en.pdf
diabetes
cholesterol
simvastatin
avoidance memory
rat
eng
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
2012-07
16
2
191
198
article
The effect of intrahippocampal microinjection of Naloxone on short –term and long-term memory in adult male rats
Hoda Parsa
Parsa.h2012@yahoo.com
1
Ahmad Ali moazedi
moazedi_a@yahoo.com
2
Lotfolah Khajehpour
khajepour34@yahoo.com
3
Mehdi pourmehdi
pourmehdim@yahoo.com
4
Introduction:The hippocampus is one for the major centers of learning and memory. Role of the opioid system has
been investigated and on the other hand receptors related to this system such as mu-opioid receptors (MOR) are
extended in the hippocampus. In this study the effect of Naloxone administration as a mu opioid receptor antagonist on
passive avoidance memory in adult male rats was investigated by using shuttle box instrument.
Methods:Methods: In this study 45 male adult Wistar rats at range of 200± 20 were used. They were cannulated
after anesthesia and Naloxone 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 µg/rat has been injected intrahippocampally after recovery and post
training by shuttle box .Then after 90 minute short –term memory and after 24 hours long- term memory were measured
posttrainingly.
Results:results showed that naloxone0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2µg/rat didn’t affected short – term memory on the other hand
according to results of long-term memory showed that Naloxone 0.5 µg/rat didn’t affected memory and Naloxone 1 and
1.5 µg/rat improved memory and Naloxone 2 µg/rat impaired memory.
Conclusion:Considering to obtained results it seems that Naloxone affected learning and memory in a dose
dependent manner.
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-796-en.pdf
Naloxone
hippocampus
passive avoidance memory
shuttle box
rat
eng
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
2012-07
16
2
199
208
article
Comparison of the effects of Chronic Morphine and Tramadol Administration during neonatal period on pain threshold of immature rat
Morteza Gholami
biologygholami@gmail.com
1
Ehsan Saboory
Saboory@umsu.ac.ir
2
Introduction: Amongst the medications to reduce pain, morphine as an important natural and tramadol as an
important synthetic drug have been mostly considered. There are few studies on the comparison of the analgesic effect
of these drugs in neonatal and perpubertal periods.
Methods: Neonate rats (n=49) were randomly divided into three groups. On postnatal days 8-14, one group received
saline and the two other groups received tramadol and morphine with increasing doses. On postnatal day 21, each
group was divided into subgroups, which received each of morphine, tramadol or saline on postnatal days 22-28 (either
for the first time or re-exposure). On postnatal days of 22 and 28, the pain-related behavior was tested by hot plate test.
Results: Exposure to morphine significantly increased latency of reaction in hot plate test chronic morphine
administration (p28) had a greater effect compared to single dose morphine administration (p22). Tramadol had no
significant effect. Morphine and tramadol significantly increased pain latency in re-exposure. In case of tramadol, this
increase was greater for single-dose compared to increasing-dose, while in case of morphine, this effect was greater for
increasing-dose compared to single-dose.
Conclusion: It seems that analgesic effect of re-exposure to tramadol in perepubertal rats is more than morphine and
morphine's effect in the neonatal has a greater dose-dependency. Changes in the brain systems evolution influenced by
exposure to these drugs and different functional mechanisms of morphine and tramadol are probably the basis for these
results.
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-815-en.pdf
Morphine
Tramadol
Perepubertal
Chronic
Hot plate