eng
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
2017-09
21
3
172
174
article
A case of ciprofloxacin-associated Achilles tendinitis
Vahid Pirhajati Mahabadi
Vpirhajati.1@gmail.com
1
Somayyeh Nasiripour
nasiripours@yahoo.com
2
Maryam Farasatinasab
maryfarasati@gmail.com
3
Shabnam Nadjafi
najafi.sh@iums.ac.ir
4
Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
School of Pharmacy International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Achilles tendinitis is a rare adverse effect of the fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics have widespread usage for treatment of Gram-negative-related infections particularly urinary tract and respiratory infections. Due to the prevalent usage of this family of antibiotics, it is necessary to be careful about their side effects including Achilles tendinitis, which can ensue tendon rupture. This case report introduces an 84-year-old man diagnosed with Achilles tendinitis due to consumption of ciprofloxacin for treatment of urethritis. The patient experienced pain on posterior region of the left ankle after three days of antibiotic therapy onset and the pain was alleviated within a week following ciprofloxacin cessation along with treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The Naranjo score was determined seven for this patient; accordingly, ciprofloxacin was the probable cause of this reaction. Early diagnosis of fluoroquinolones-associated Achilles tendinitis and stopping the treatment may prevent tendon rupture.
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-1278-en.pdf
Achilles Tendinitis
Ciprofloxacin
Fluoroquinolones
eng
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
2017-09
21
3
175
184
article
Study of cation imbalance in patients of malaria
Rupal A Tyagi
ami_tyagi2001@yahoo.com
1
Amit G Tyagi
ami_tyagi2001@yahoo.com
2
Prema Ram Choudhary
prema5252@gmail.com
3
Jaidev singh shekhawat
jaygr1976@gmail.com
4
Department of Biochemistry, GMERS Medical College, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
Department of Biochemistry, GMERS Medical College, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
Department of Physiology, C.U. Shah Medical College, Surendranagar, Gujarat, India
Department of Anatomy, C.U. Shah Medical College, Surendranagar, Gujarat, India
Introduction: During its life cycle, malaria parasite has to traverse successfully through widely diverse environmental milieu of mosquito mid gut, RBC cytosol and human circulatory system where it is exposed to dramatic changes of extracellular milieu in terms of pH, osmolarity and ionic constituents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the possible changes in the cations (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+) in patients of malaria. Methods: Blood samples were collected in EDTA bulb at the time of admission (day-1) and on third day (day-3). The samples were analyzed within 24 hours of collection. Plasma sodium and potassium were measured by flame photometry and calcium, magnesium, copper, and zinc were measured by end point kit method. Results: The mean levels of plasma sodium, magnesium, calcium and zinc in the patients of malaria were significantly reduced (P<0.001) as compared to those in the control group. The levels of potassium and copper are significantly increased (P<0.001) in the malaria patients as compared to those in the control group. In the follow up study, the same parameters were studied in patients after antimalarial treatment and antimalarial + antioxidant treatment day-3. The levels of cations were reversed in the plasma. Conclusion: It concluded that the antimalarial drug regimen must be supported by antioxidants and trace elements supplementation to avoid grave penalty of reactive oxygen species and cations imbalance and also to improve the status of deviated biochemical parameters towards normalcy.
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-1247-en.pdf
Sodium
Potassium
Magnesium
Calcium
Copper
Zinc
Malaria.
eng
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
2017-09
21
3
185
192
article
The effects of acute, sub-chronic and chronic psychical stress on the brain electrical activity in male rats
Maryam Radahmadi
m_radahmadi@med.mui.ac.ir
1
Azadehalsadat Hosseini Dastgerdi
azade.hoseini@yahoo.com
2
Neda Fallah
nedafallah1992@gmail.com
3
Hojjatallah Alaei
alaei@ med.mui.ac.ir
4
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Introduction: Stress is a main factor influencing brain functions as revealed by the electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. Moreover, different stress durations seemingly cause perturbations in brain waves and lead to mental disorders. This study investigates the effects of acute, sub-chronic and chronic stress on EEG in rats. Methods: Twenty-eight Wistar adult male rats were randomly allocated to one control and three experimental groups subjected to 6 hr/day of acute (1d), sub-chronic (7d) and chronic (21d) stress. At the end of each period, 20 minutes of EEG recording was taken of each subject. Results: Percentages of delta, theta and alpha frequencies of the baseline in the chronic stress group showed significant differences from those of the control (P<0.05). Theta waves increased in the chronic stress group compared to the acute and sub-chronic (P<0.05 and P<0.01; respectively) ones. This is while, compared to the control, the acute and sub-chronic stress groups exhibited significantly increased percentages of beta waves (P<0.05 in both). Conclusion: The data indicate that different stress durations have different impacts on the EEG rhythm. Acute and sub-chronic stress durations led to changed cortical activity, indicating the inability of the subjects to cope with the stress imposed. Also, chronic stress caused irregularities in the EEG rhythm (delta, theta and alpha waves). EEG recording seems to be useful for measuring stress levels and for predicting abnormalities due to different stress durations.
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-1280-en.pdf
Stress
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Adrenal gland
Rat.
eng
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
2017-09
21
3
193
205
article
Nogo receptor blockade enhances subventricular zone’s stem cells proliferation and differentiation in demyelination context
Fereshteh Pourabdolhossein
pourabdolhossein@gmail.com
1
Samaneh Dehghan
dehghans62@gmail.com
2
Barbara Demeneix
bdem@mnhn.fr
3
Mohammad Javan
mjavan@modares.ac.ir
4
Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
Physiology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Département Régulations, Développement et Diversité Moléculaire, Muséum National ďHistoire Naturelle, Paris, France
Physiology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Introduction: Nogo-A and Nogo receptor (NgR) are expressed in the subventricular zone (SVZ) stem cells. NgR plays critical inhibitory roles in axonal regeneration and remyelination. However, the role of NgR in SVZ niche behaviors in demyelination context is still uncertain. Here we investigated the effects of NgR inhibition on SVZ niche reaction in a local model of demyelination in adult mouse optic chiasm. Methods: Demyelination was induced in adult mouse optic chiasm by microinjection of lysolecithin. We injected siRNAs against NgR intracerebroventricularly via a permanent cannula over 14 days to knockdown NgR. To trace SVZ stem cells and assess the effect of NgR inhibition on their reaction, BrdU was injected to the animals prior to the demyelination induction. Immunohistochemistry and histological analysis was carried out 3, 7 and 14 days post demyelination lesion. Results: NgR inhibition significantly increased the numbers of proliferating cells in SVZ in response to demeylination. The number of BrdU+/Olig2+progenitor cells in the neurogenic zone of the lateral ventricles was enhanced when NgR was blocked. These progenitor cells (Olig2+, GFAP+ or PSA-NCAM) were mobilized away from this SVZ as a function of time. Inhibition of NgR significantly reduced demyelination extension in optic chiasm. Conclusion: Our findings reveal that inhibition of NgR potentiates adult SVZ progenitor cells proliferation and differentiation in demyelination condition and facilitates remyelination in the optic chiasm. Therefore, inhibition of NgR function could have therapeutic potential for demyelinating disease like multiple sclerosis.
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-1307-en.pdf
Demyelination
NgR
SVZ
Progenitor cells
Multiple Sclerosis
eng
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
2017-09
21
3
206
215
article
PKMζ contributes in consolidation, retrieval and maintenance of amygdala dependent fear memory in rats
Bentolhoda Amirshabani
Hoda.amirshabani94@gmail.com
1
Mohammad Rostampoor
rost_v@yahoo.com
2
Parvin Babaei
p_babaei@yahoo.com
3
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Introduction: Protein kinase M zeta (PKMζ) is assumed to be actively involved in retainig long-term potentiation. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of PKMζ in basolateral amygdala (BLA) upon acquisition, consolidation, retention and retrieval of memory using a specific inhibitor of PKMζ. Methods: Sixty male wistar rats underwent stereotaxic surgery and were cannulated bilaterally at the BLA nucleus. Then animals were divided into 4 groups of receiving BLA microinjection of zeta inhibitory peptide (ZIP) in different time courses: 30 min before and after training, 30 min before the testing (on the day after the learning) and 30 min after testing (but testing 10 days later). Memory was assessed using step through passive avoidance. Results: ZIP infusion in BLA had no significant change on acquisition (P=0.06), however significantly impaired consolidation, retrieval and maintenance of passive avoidance memory (P=0.012). Conclusion: Findings indicate that PKMζ activity in the BLA plays an important role in retaining amygdala dependent avoidance memory interfering the process of consolidation, retrieval and maintenance of learned task.
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-1271-en.pdf
Protein kinase Mζ(PKMζ)
Learning
Fear memory
zeta inhibitory peptide (ZIP)
eng
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
2017-09
21
3
216
224
article
Central administration of resistin into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) produces significant cardiovascular responses
Abolfazl Akbari
1
Gholamali Jelodar
jelodar@shirazu.ac.ir
2
Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Introduction: Resistin, a complex multimeric structure which is secreted by adipose tissue and circulates in the blood, acts on the hypothalamus to increase sympathetic nerve activity, inhibit appetite and is associated with obesity, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disorders. In this study, we survey the cardiovascular effects of direct injection of resistin into specific cell group of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) that is known as one of the centers which control the baseline of arterial pressure and heart rate. Methods: Adult male rats were anesthetized with urethane (1.4g/kg intraperitoneally). Arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored before and after treatment. Resistin (1, 3 and 5μg/rat), norepinephrine (2.5 nM), muscimol (250ng/rat) and saline as control (vehicle solution, 1μl) were injected into the PVN parvocellular neurons. Results: The results showed that resistin (3 and 5μg/rat) caused a significant increase in AP, HR and high QRS compared to control group and prior to its injection. Injection of norepinephrine into the PVN evoked a significant increase in AP, HR and QRS amplitude, whereas injection of muscimol significantly decreased these parameters. In the control group, saline injection into the PVN had no significant effect on these parameters. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the PVN can be one of the important central areas for actions of resistin which had obvious effects on HR and AP. These results provide a base for future studies to explore the role of resistin in cardiovascular responses in conditions like metabolic syndrome and hypertension.
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-1263-en.pdf
Resistin
Paraventricular Nucleus
Heart Rate
Arterial Pressure
eng
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
2017-09
21
3
225
233
article
Mechanical activity of isolated aorta strips after prolonged exposure to low frequency electromagnetic fields and its interaction with the cholinergic and adrenergic systems in male rat
Maryam Owjfard
: maryam.owjfard@yahoo.com
1
Aminollah Bahaodini
bahaodini@shirazu.ac.ir
2
Amin Tamadon
amintamaddon@yahoo.com
3
Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Introduction: Public concern about the potential effects of electromagnetic field (EMF) on human health is increased by progressive usage of electrical devices in modern life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of prolonged exposure to low frequency EMF on the mechanical activity of isolated thoracic aorta strips in rats. Methods: Fourteen male rats were randomly allocated into sham and experimental groups. Experimental group was continuously exposed to 1mT, 50Hz EMF, for 75 days in a magnetic coil box. Sham group was kept under conditions similar to experimental group, without being exposed to EMF. After 75 days, the rats were anaesthetized and the thoracic aorta was dissected and cut into 1cm strips. Aortic strips were suspended in organ bath chambers containing of Krebs’ buffer and were bubbled with a gas mixture (5% CO2, 95% O2). Then the aortic isometric tension was measured during 20-min equilibration period and after cumulative administration of acetylcholine and phenylephrine in different concentrations. Results: Increased vasocontraction responses to 10-6 M phenylephrine were observed in experimental group compared to sham group (P<0.05). Moreover, reduced vasorelaxation responses to 8×10-5 M acetylcholine were observed in the experimental group compared to sham group (P<0.05). Conclusion: It can be suggested that prolonged exposure to EMF have an effect on the vascular sensitivity to cholinergic and adrenergic system, can lead to alteration of the vascular resistance.
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-1219-en.pdf
Electromagnetic field
Thoracic aorta
Phenylephrine
Acetylcholine
eng
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
2017-09
21
3
234
240
article
Sodium hydrosulfide: A new potential candidate for treating delayed gastric emptying in diabetes
Seyyed Ali Mard
mard-sa@ajums.ac.ir
1
Iraj Ahmadi
ahmadiiraj57@yahoo.com
2
Mohammad Kazem Gharib-Naseri
mgharibnaseri@yahoo.com
3
Feryal Savary
savari.f@ajums.ac.ir
4
Research Center for Infectious Diseases of Digestive System [Alimentary Tract Research Center], Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Research Center for Infectious Diseases of Digestive System [Alimentary Tract Research Center], Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Research Center for Infectious Diseases of Digestive System [Alimentary Tract Research Center], Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Introduction: Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) has shown to enhance the gastric emptying rate in normal rats but till now its effect on gastric emptying of food stuffs in diabetic rats was not investigated. Therefore, this study designed to determine the role of an oral administration of NaHS on gastric emptying rate (GER) of glucose, albumin and olive oil in gastroparetic and normal rats. Methods: To evaluate the effect of NaHS on the gastric emptying of glucose, albumin and olive oil in normal rats, thirty-six normal rats randomly assigned in six experimental groups (6 per group). Three groups of rats considered as control. They received albumin, glucose or olive oil orally. Three other normal groups considered as NaHS-treated animals. These groups received NaHS (320 μg/kg, orally) 30 min prior to food stuffs. To investigate the effect of NaHS on the gastric emptying of food stuffs in diabetic rats, the same protocols carried out. Thirty min after intragastric administration of food stuffs, animals received acetaminophen (as a marker for gastric emptying rate). Results: The results showed that in normal and gastroparetic rats, an oral administration of NaHS accelerated gastric emptying of glucose, albumin and olive oil. The increased gastric emptying of glucose, albumin and olive oil in NaHS-pretreated gastroparetic rats was 89.9, 92.3 and 60% respectively more than in corresponding’s controls.
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-1269-en.pdf
Sodium hydrosulfide
Gastric emptying rate
Gastroparesis
Diabetic rat
eng
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
2017-09
21
3
241
250
article
Effect of tempol, a synthetic antioxidant, on renal complications of L-NAME induced preeclampsia in rat
Mohammad Sharif Talebianpoor
m.talebianpoor @yums.ac.ir
1
Seyed Mohammad Owji
smowji@sums.ac.ir
2
Mohsen Goharinia
gohariniam@sums.ac.ir
3
Hossein Mirkhani
mirkhan@sums.ac.ir
4
Herbal Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Yasouj University of Medical Sciences, Yasouj, Iran
Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Department of Pharmacology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Department of Pharmacology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Introduction: It has been suggested that oxidative stress has a crucial role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. In the present study, the effect of tempol, a synthetic antioxidant, on kidney injuries and oxidative stress was investigated in an experimental model of preeclampsia in rats. Methods: Preeclampsia was induced by oral administration of L-NAME to the rats on the day 10 of pregnancy. Animals were randomly divided into six groups (10-15 rats in each group); (I) normal pregnant (II) preeclamptic (III, IV, V) preeclamptic + tempol 20, 60 and 180 mg/kg/day, respectively, (VI) preeclamptic + hydralazine 10 mg/kg/day. Urine levels of sodium, potassium, creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase and 24 h protein, blood levels of creatinine and urea, in addition to malondialdehyde concentration in blood and kidney, as well as histological glomeruli changes were assessed. Results: L-NAME administration caused proteinuria and glomerular pathological changes. Tempol (20 and 60 mg/kg/day) significantly reduced plasma and renal (P<0.001) malondialdehyde levels and proteinuria (the biggest calculated P-value was less than 0.05) in preeclamptic rats. Tempol at the dose of 20 mg/kg/day improved the histological changes in preeclamptic animals, but the dose of 60 mg/kg/day restored histological findings. L-NAME did not change the other measured parameters. Hydralazine and highest dose of tempol (180 mg/kg/day) failed to affect biochemical and histological changes in experimental preeclampsia. Conclusion: Renal complications of experimental preeclampsia such as proteinuria and glomerular injuries can be prevented by tempol. The desired effects of tempol depend on its dose.
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-1254-en.pdf
Tempol
Rats
Preeclampsia
Oxidative Stress
Proteinuria.
eng
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
2017-09
21
3
251
259
article
Single administrations of high and low doses of acetaminophen causes different effects on COX-2 gene expression and on tissue damage in liver and kidneys
Morteza Hatamzadeh Khaneghahi
mortaza_1983@yahoo.com
1
Sorour Shojaeian
s_ssir@yahoo.com
2
Abdolamir Allameh
allameha@modares.ac.ir
3
Department of Biology, Kurdistan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical Genetics, Nutrition, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Introduction: High dose of acetaminophen (APAP) is known to have hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects and studies show that this toxicities are dependent on the function of phase I bioactivation enzymes- Cyp450- and phase II biotransformation enzymes especially glucuronosylation and sulfonation pathways. However, the role of cyclooxygenase (COX) as an inflammatory mediator in toxic effects of APAP has not been explained satisfactorily yet. Methods: In this study, we aimed to find out if there is any association between APAP hepatotoxicity and COX-2 expression at mRNA levels. Male Balb/C mice were treated with a single high dose (300 mg/kg BW) or low dose (30 mg/kg BW) of APAP. Results: Following APAP treatment, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes were measured as the biochemical markers of hepatocellular damage. Then liver and kidney biopsies were processed and examined for histolopathogical changes as well as for total RNA extraction and COX-2 gene expression. Serum ALT/AST levels were significantly (P<0.05) higher and there were hepatotoxic damages after 24 hours in mice exposed to high dose of APAP (300 mg/kg BW). However, no obvious nephrotoxicity was observed in mice treated with either low or high doses of APAP. Based on RT-PCR data, the COX-2 specific mRNA was not expressed in liver tissues of either control or APAP-treated mice, while, it was expressed in kidney tissues of both control and APAP-treated mice. Conclusion: These data may suggest that unlike in liver, COX-2 expression in kidney may play a protective role in APAP-related hepatotoxicity.
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-1282-en.pdf
Acetaminophen (APAP)
Cyclooxygenase
COX-2 gene expression
Hepatotoxicity