en jalali 1403 9 1 gregorian 2024 12 1 28 4 online 1 fulltext

en The advent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), first identified in Wuhan, China, has led to significant mortality and morbidity worldwide, disproportionately affecting individuals with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and obesity. Evidence suggests a strong correlation between DM and heightened risk of severe COVID-19 complications, which is thought to be exacerbated by factors such as hyperglycemia, systemic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and the increased expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in pancreatic cells. The interaction of COVID-19 with antidiabetic medications is complex, with varying reports on how these drugs may influence the disease trajectory in diabetic patients. This article seeks to synthesize the current literature on the role of antidiabetic agents in managing COVID-19 in patients with diabetes, elucidating their potential protective or adverse effects and providing a comprehensive overview of the evolving understanding of this critical interface. COVID-19,Diabetic patients,Antidiabetic agents,COVID-19 outcomes 363 388 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2231-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2023/11/24 1402/9/3 2024/05/7 1403/2/18 Malek Zarei Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran m.zarei@sbmu.ac.ir 00319475328460036813 000000030217439X Yes Navideh Sahebi vaihan Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States nsahebivaighan@bwh.harvard.edu 00319475328460036814 00319475328460036814 No Sepideh Shiravand Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran sepidehshiravand3@gmail.com 00319475328460036815 0000000272077539 No Sara Mohammadvali-samani Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran saramvsamani@yahoo.com 00319475328460036816 00319475328460036816 No Mohammad Abbas Sheikholeslami Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran mashaikhalagha@gmail.com 00319475328460036817 0000000246244348 No Zahra Roudbari Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran poro72@gmail.com 00319475328460036818 00319475328460036818 No

en Introduction: Traditional medicine recommends herbal medicines for metabolic disorders. The present study explores the skin wound healing potential of Hypericum helianthemoides (H. helianthemoides) extract in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Methods: Following wound induction in diabetic (n=50) (induced by a single dose of streptozotocin) and non-diabetic (n=50) rats, H. helianthemoides extract (5% and 10%) was administered versus standard drug phenytoin (1%) and Osrin to positive and sham control groups. Tropical ointment therapy was applied once a day until the end of the study period (20 days). A Vernier caliper (with a 0.1 mm accuracy) was used to measure the wound length at 1, 3, 7, 11, 15, and 20 days after induction. Furthermore, pathological examination categorized the wound healing process into five categories: poor, mild, moderate, fair, and excellent. Results: On the study’s first day, both diabetic and nondiabetic rats had the same wound area size. After 11 days, the wound area size significantly decreased in groups treated with 5% and 10% H. helianthemoides extract compared to the sham and control groups (P<0.001). Hence, based on the wound pathological evaluation scale, the most frequent phenytoin and H. helianthemoides extract-treated groups were classified as moderate to excellent (P<0.05). Conclusion: H. helianthemoides extract accelerates full-thickness wound healing in diabetic and non-diabetic rats Hypericum helianthemoides, Wound healing, Herbal medicine, Streptozotocin, Diabetes mellitus 389 399 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2347-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2023/11/242024/03/20 1403/1/1 2024/05/72024/10/5 1403/7/14 Soheila Soltanbeigi Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran ss.soheila@yahoo.com 00319475328460038132 00319475328460038132 No Zeinab Fahimi Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran zeinab_fahimi@yahoo.com 00319475328460038133 00319475328460038133 No Maryam Maleki Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran maryammaleki777@yahoo.com 00319475328460038134 00319475328460038134 No Aliashraf Mozafari Non-Communicable Diseases Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran amozafari99@yahoo.com 00319475328460038135 00319475328460038135 No Mohammad Reza Kaffashian Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran kaffashian-mr@medilam.ac.ir 00319475328460038136 000000015340690X Yes

en Introduction: Hypercholesterolemia is a condition in which the blood contains elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL). There are varieties of different diets used by different laboratories as a recipe for induction with varying levels of hypercholesterolemia. This study aims to investigate the role of cholic acids in enhancing hypercholesterolemia parameters in Sprague Dawley rats. Methods: Nine Sprague Dawley rats (250 g ± 50 g BW) were used to investigate the most effective diet that is cost-effective for inducing hypercholesterolemia. The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal diet (ND) (n=3), high cholesterol diet (HCD 1), a combination of 2% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid (n=3), and high HCD 2, a combination of 2% cholesterol and 30% ghee (n=3). After 4 weeks of feeding, blood samples were collected for lipid profiling, which included total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The liver, kidney, and brain were removed for histopathological examination using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Results: The lipid profile measurements show significant differences between the HCD 1 group for total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and total cholesterol/ HDL ratio compared to the normal group. HCD 2 shows no significant changes in lipid profiles compared to the normal group. Conclusion: Cholic acid helps in the absorption of cholesterol and enhances the hypercholesterol parameters in diet-induced SD rats based on lipid profile analysis and histology of the liver and kidney. Dietetical recipe,Hypercholesterolemia,Low-density lipoprotein,SD rats 400 408 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2279-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2023/11/242024/03/202023/12/17 1402/9/26 2024/05/72024/10/52024/04/23 1403/2/4 Azmina Hassan School of Health Sciences, Health Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia nurazminahassan@gmail.com 00319475328460038124 00319475328460038124 No Zuraidah Abdullah School of Health Sciences, Health Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia zuraidahabdullah@usm.my 00319475328460038125 00319475328460038125 No Niu Jin Tan ZN Abqary Enterprise, 43-1 Jalan DU2/1, Taman Damai Utama, 47180 Puchong, Selangor, Malaysia niujinmy@gmail.com 00319475328460038126 00319475328460038126 No Sabreena Safuan School of Health Sciences, Health Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia sabreena@usm.my 00319475328460038127 0000000279248425 Yes

en Introduction: The objective of the study was to find out the influence of Thioflavin-T (ThT) on obesity and fatty liver by investigating the adipokine hormones, and insulin serum level of male NMRI mice which were exposed to a high-fat diet (HFD). Methods: 50 adult male NMRI mice were separated into five groups: n=10. The control group was given a standard diet at twelve-week intervals. The sham group was nourished with HFD that lasted for 8 weeks, afterwards, the group received a standard diet and solvent water (0.5ml) by gavage (4 weeks). The experimental groups 1-3 were nourished with HFD (4% cholesterol, 60% fat) eight-week period. Then, the treatment period started in experimental groups by receiving a normal diet in addition to ThT with three doses (5,10 and 15 mg/kg, 0.5ml), via gavage (4 weeks).  Results: HFD contributed to a substantial reduction in serum adiponectin levels and increased leptin serum in the sham group opposite to the control group (P< 0.001). However, the concentration of both adipokine hormones was significantly modified under the treatment of ThT in a dose-dependent manner. Insulin serum increased in the sham group significantly (P< 0.001), meanwhile, a significant decrease was shown in experimental groups 2, and 3 than in the sham group (P<0.01). ThT also reduced HOMA-IR in experimental groups. The introduction of ThT in varying doses led to the induction of polymorphonuclear cells in the liver tissue. Conclusion: Our findings propose that ThT can affect liver function and body weight by modulating the serum levels of adipokine hormones besides decreasing the level of insulin and HOMA-IR in mice fed with HFD. Adiponectin, Leptin, Fatty liver, Obesity, Thioflavin-T 409 418 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2310-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2023/11/242024/03/202023/12/172024/01/12 1402/10/22 2024/05/72024/10/52024/04/232024/05/25 1403/3/5 Nafiseh Amani-Ekhtesar Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran amaniekhtesar@yahoo.com 00319475328460038128 00319475328460038128 No parichehreh yaghmaei Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran yaghmaei_p@yahoo.com 00319475328460038129 0000000198886935 No azadeh ebrahim habibi Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran azadehabibi@yahoo.fr 00319475328460038130 00319475328460038130 No leyla karkhaneh Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran l_karkhaneh@yahoo.com 00319475328460038131 0000000247362215 Yes

en Introduction: It is known that glial cells are crucial for memory formation. Glial cells and neurons interconnect via gap junction channels made of connexin (Cx) proteins. Glial connexins were shown to be involved in memory formation. However, the expression profile of different glial connexins was not measured during memory consolidation. Cx43 and Cx30 are expressed in astrocytes, whereas Cx32 is expressed in oligodendrocytes. We quantified the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of the hippocampal Cx30, Cx32, and Cx43 throughout the consolidation stage of fear or spatial memory. Methods: Male Wistar rats were distributed into eight groups of four each. To assess the spatial or fear memory consolidation, the Morris water maze and passive avoidance task were utilized. At different time intervals (one, three, and twenty-four hours) following the training sessions, rats were sacrificed and the hippocampi were isolated and frozen instantly in liquid nitrogen. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to measure mRNA levels of the target genes. Results: The results revealed that Cx43 and Cx32 downregulated significantly, one or three hours after training in the inhibitory avoidance model. In the Morris water maze, Cx43 expression was upregulated three hours after training. The expression of Cx30 did not exhibit significant alterations in either of the experimental assays. Conclusion: The results indicate the crucial, but differential role of the hippocampal Cx32 and Cx43 during fear or spatial memory consolidation. The exact outcomes of these potential changes need to be clarified. Connexin, Glia, Gap junction, Hippocampus, Memory 419 429 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-796-5&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2023/11/242024/03/202023/12/172024/01/122023/05/22 1402/3/1 2024/05/72024/10/52024/04/232024/05/252024/05/18 1403/2/29 Siamak Beheshti Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran s.beheshti@sci.ui.ac.ir 00319475328460038137 0000000251288935 Yes Nazila Kooravand Bard Pareh Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran nazila.kooravand93@gmail.com 00319475328460038138 0009000543688719 No

en Introduction: Methamphetamine (Meth) is a highly addictive psychostimulant and induces neuroinflammatory responses. Melatonin is a neurohormone that has protective effects and reduces inflammation in the central nervous system. Our study focused on the melatonin effect on memory impairment, NLRP3/IL-1β axis, and gasdermin D and caspase-1 expression in the hippocampus of a rat model of Meth use. Methods: Meth and melatonin were administered to the rats for 21 consecutive days. The memory was evaluated using alternation behavior in Y-maze. NLRP3 and IL-1β were assessed by western blotting and ELISA, respectively.  Gasdermin D and caspase-1 expression levels were evaluated using qRT-PCR. Results: The NLRP3 and IL-1β were elevated in the hippocampus following Meth injection. Moreover, Meth increased gasdermin D and caspase-1 expression levels. After 21 days of Meth use, memory impairment was seen in the Y-maze test. Melatonin significantly improved memory and decreased the expression of NLRP3, IL-1β, gasdermin D, and caspase-1 in the hippocampus. Conclusion: Our study revealed that inflammasome formation and pyroptosis pathway are involved in Meth-induced neurotoxicity. Melatonin may be a potential treatment against neurotoxicity and cognitive disorders caused by Meth. Methamphetamine, Melatonin, NLRP3, Interlukine-1β, Working memory, Pyroptosis 430 439 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2340-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2023/11/242024/03/202023/12/172024/01/122023/05/222024/02/28 1402/12/9 2024/05/72024/10/52024/04/232024/05/252024/05/182024/05/25 1403/3/5 Seyed Khalil Rashidi Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran m.kh.rashidi@gmail.com 00319475328460038139 00319475328460038139 No Mitra Ansari Dezfouli Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran mitraansari84@gmail.com 00319475328460038140 0000000284968750 Yes Fariba Khodagholi Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran khodagholi@sbmu.com 00319475328460038141 00319475328460038141 No Mehdi Dadashpour Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran dadashpourmehdi1400@gmail.com 00319475328460038142 00319475328460038142 No Ali Akbar Shabani Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran aashaebani@yahoo.com 00319475328460038143 0000000257469980 No

en Introduction: The indigenous population of Nagaland has traditionally utilized the bark of Mahonia napaulensis as a remedy for gastrointestinal ailments; however, its therapeutic effectiveness has not been scientifically verified. The objective of the current investigation is to assess the efficacy of the methanolic bark extract of M. napaulensis in promoting the healing of peptic ulcers. Methods: The study involved the induction of ulcers in Swiss albino mice via the oral administration of a single dose of 80% ethanol (1 ml/100g body weight). The effect of the methanolic bark extract of the plant on ethanol-induced peptic ulcer was studied using repeated dosing of 200 mg/kg body weight for ten and fourteen days, respectively. The standard drug utilized in the study was Ranitidine (30 mg/kg body weight). The assessment of ulcer healing activity was conducted through the evaluation of various parameters, including the ulcer index, healing percentage, gross macroscopic lesions, as well as histopathological and ultrastructural observations. The concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), protein, and sialic acid were quantified.  Results: The results indicate that the oral consumption of methanolic bark extract of M. napaulensis has pro-healing efficacy on ulcerated mice. Thus, this justifies the use of the plant as a healing agent among the rural population. Conclusion: The results indicate that the oral consumption of methanolic bark extract of M. napaulensis has pro-healing efficacy on ulcerated mice. Thus, this justifies the use of the plant as a healing agent among the rural population. Mahonia napaulensis, Methanolic extract, Acute toxicity, Sialic acid, Peptic ulcer 440 452 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2137-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2023/11/242024/03/202023/12/172024/01/122023/05/222024/02/282023/07/24 1402/5/2 2024/05/72024/10/52024/04/232024/05/252024/05/182024/05/252024/05/25 1403/3/5 Sanchayeeta Roy North-Eastern Hill University, 793022, Shillong,Meghalaya, India sancuroy@gmail.com 00319475328460036772 0000000159196587 No Deepjyoti Dev North-Eastern Hill University, 793022, Shillong,Meghalaya, India deepjyotidev1510@gmail.com 00319475328460036773 0000000292795773 No Bishnupada Roy North-Eastern Hill University, 793022, Shillong,Meghalaya, India broy@nehu.ac.in 00319475328460036774 0000000316135578 Yes

en Introduction: Many studies have shown that asthma is characterized by inflammation of the airway and infiltration of eosinophil cells (EOSCs). It has also shown that during pregnancy, the level of leptin, as a regulator of immune responses, increases with the progression of the pregnancy process. In this study, the effect of asthma on inflammatory factors was evaluated in the lung and uterine tissues of asthmatic pregnant or non-pregnant mice. Methods: In this experimental study, 40 female Balb/c mice (8 weeks old) were classified into 4 groups, and asthma by ovalbumin (OVA) at a concentration of 20 μg/100μl was induced. Lung and uterus tissues were histopathologically evaluated for the presence of inflammation. The level of leptin hormone in blood serum was investigated using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Also, Interleukin-8 (IL-8), forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3), eosinophil chemotactic protein (eotaxin), and mucin 5AC (Muc5ac) gene expression were measured in respiratory and uterine cells by Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) assay (P<0.05, P<0.01 and P<0.001).  Results: Morphological assessment of inflammation in lung tissue showed a significant increase in asthmatic groups compared to healthy groups. Hormone measurement revealed a significant rise in leptin levels in pregnant groups compared to non-pregnant groups. Also, the expression level of IL-8, Foxp3, eotaxin, and Muc5ac genes increased in pregnancy compared to negative control. Conclusion: In asthma, inflammation rate increases at the cellular and molecular levels, and the leptin increment might have an influence on the inflammation. Asthma,Pregnancy,Eosinophils cell,Leptin,Inflammatory factors. 453 464 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2275-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2023/11/242024/03/202023/12/172024/01/122023/05/222024/02/282023/07/242023/12/11 1402/9/20 2024/05/72024/10/52024/04/232024/05/252024/05/182024/05/252024/05/252024/05/7 1403/2/18 Gisou Barid Oliaei Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran gisoubarid@gmail.com 00319475328460036775 00319475328460036775 No Leila Mirzaeian Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran Lmirzaey64@gmail.com 00319475328460036776 00319475328460036776 No Seyedeh Maryam Hosseinikhah Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, MashhadUniversity Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran mhosseinikhah@yahoo.com 00319475328460036777 00319475328460036777 No Mahdiyeh Sarabadani Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, MashhadUniversity Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran flower201415@gmail.com 00319475328460036778 00319475328460036778 No Parichehreh Yaghmaei Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran yaghmaei_p@srbiau.ac.ir 00319475328460036779 00319475328460036779 No Shahryar Farahmand Giglou Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran sfarahmand.fg@gmail.com 00319475328460036780 00319475328460036780 No Paul Mozdziak Physiology Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA pemozdzi@ncsu.edu 00319475328460036781 00319475328460036781 No Ehsan Ehsani Department of Biology, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran ehsan.ehsani@iau.ac.ir 00319475328460036782 00319475328460036782 Yes Seyed Shamsadin Athari Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran ss.athari@zums.ac.ir 00319475328460036783 00319475328460036783 No

en Introduction: Obesity leads to massive death worldwide by initiating numerous illnesses like Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), liver disease, and cardiovascular diseases. Developing new therapeutics against obesity is an emergency need. Targeting mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) will provide new therapeutic strategies for drug discovery research against obesity and obesity-related disorders.  Methods: We screened UCP1 up-regulators from epigenetic drug libraries by using a previously developed Ucp1-A-GFP cellular GFP screening platform, ATP production, and mitochondrial DNA quantification.  Results: We discovered that the histone methyltransferase G9a inhibitor UNC0631 has a considerable effect on the expression of UCP1 in adipocytes when used in vitro. Here, we discovered that UNC0631 is crucial for controlling mitochondrial activity and anti-obesity. The UNC0631-treated fat cells have higher UCP1 expression at the cellular level. Taken together, in our studies, we have established an efficient in vitro cell experiment system to study the metabolic regulation of UCP1. Enhanced mitochondrial DNA, ATP synthesis, and cell survival showed that UNC0631 had a benign impact on the HEK293T cell line. As a result, UNC0631 reveals a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of diseases associated with obesity and metabolic disorders. Conclusion: In this study, we make a list of potent drug candidates from epigenetic drug libraries that can upregulate mitochondrial UCP1 gene expression and promote thermogenesis. UNC0631 improves mitochondrial function and would be an effective drug candidate to treat metabolic diseases and obesity-related diseases. Further investigation will require both the human and animal models to reveal new insight into the mechanism against obesity, metabolic diseases, or mitochondrial dysfunction-related diseases. Supplementary Files Obesity, UCP1, Histone methyltransferase, Mitochondrial function, Epigenetic drug libraries, Metabolic disorders 465 475 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1577-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2023/11/242024/03/202023/12/172024/01/122023/05/222024/02/282023/07/242023/12/112022/08/12 1401/5/21 2024/05/72024/10/52024/04/232024/05/252024/05/182024/05/252024/05/252024/05/72024/05/25 1403/3/5 Md Reyad-ul Ferdous Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China rockyreyad@yahoo.com 00319475328460036784 0000000347756852 Yes Mengjiao Yang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China 00319475328460036785 00319475328460036785 No Md. Shofiul Azam Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh shofiul@duet.ac.bd 00319475328460036786 0000000198933973 No Yongfeng Song Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China 00319475328460036787 00319475328460036787 No Haiqing Zhang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China 00319475328460036788 00319475328460036788 No Vijay panday Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China vjpandey@sz.tsinghua.edu.cn 00319475328460036789 00319475328460036789 No

en Introduction: The cytotoxic effects of Ferula assafoetida extract intensely depend on high-quality extraction. The type of solvent used is a critical parameter for efficient extraction in the maceration method. In the present study, the phytochemical and cytotoxic effects of different Ferula assafoetida extracts were compared. Methods: The Ferula assafoetida gum was extracted using different polar solvents: hydroethanol (70% v/v), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and water. The phytochemical properties of the extracts were evaluated, focusing on their herbal content of phenols and flavonoids. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was also compared by assessing their radical scavenging capacity (by DPPH assay) and reducing activity (using the FRAP assay). Finally, the cytotox effects of the extracts were evaluated using the MTT assay on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines for the first time. Results: The phytochemical properties of hydroethanolic extract of Ferula assafoetida (HEFA) were significantly (P< 0.0001) higher than those of the DMSO (DEFA) and water extracts (WEFA). The reducing power, radical scavenging activity, and cytotoxic effects of HEFA were also significantly (P< 0.05) higher than those of DEFA and WEFA. The cytotoxicity of the extracts was dose- and incubation time-dependent. HEFA exhibited the highest cell cytotoxicity at 72 hours, with IC50 values of 69.97± 9.45 µg/mL on the MCF-7 cell line and 60.22± 2.37 µg/mL on the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Conclusion: Hydroethanol was the best solvent for extracting phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The cytotoxic effects of HEFA were also the highest, probably due to the high ability of hydroethanol in the extraction of hydrophilic and lipophilic phenols. Solvent,Bioactive compounds,Oxidative stress,Cytotoxicity,Ferula assafoetida 476 485 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2206-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2023/11/242024/03/202023/12/172024/01/122023/05/222024/02/282023/07/242023/12/112022/08/122023/09/25 1402/7/3 2024/05/72024/10/52024/04/232024/05/252024/05/182024/05/252024/05/252024/05/72024/05/252024/04/23 1403/2/4 Alireza Moulazadeh Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran javaneh.fums@gmail.com 00319475328460036790 0000000262065067 No Razieh Ranjbar Noncommunicable Disease Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran ranjbarrazie@gmail.com 00319475328460036791 0000000314884890 No Seyyed Amin Kouhpayeh Noncommunicable Disease Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran kouhpayeha@gmail.com 00319475328460036792 0000000324969951 No Abdolmajid ghasemian Noncommunicable Disease Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran majidghasemian86@gmail.com 00319475328460036793 0000000212436341 No Maryam maghbool Noncommunicable Disease Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran maghbol.maryam@yahoo.com 00319475328460036794 0000000294347261 No Sohrab Najafipour Noncommunicable Disease Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran resimmuno@gmail.com 00319475328460036795 0000000152245876 Yes

en Introduction: Oxidative stress (OS) is related to the onset and development of different disorders including neurodegenerative diseases. Attenuation of OS may be an appropriate way to combat such a situation. Ferulic acid (FA) as a natural antioxidant compound has been shown to have potent free radical scavenging activity. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of FA to inhibit the intrinsic apoptosis pathway evoked by H2O2 in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Methods: PC12 cells were treated with various concentrations of FA at different times. Then, H2O2 (300 µM for 2h) was added. Afterward, cell viability was assessed by MTT assay followed by determining the levels of total antioxidant power (TAP), and malondialdehyde (MDA) level. The protein expressions of Caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 were also measured by western blotting.   Results: Current results indicate that after 72 hours, FA significantly protected PC12 cells against H2O2-induced damage by reducing the generation of MDA levels as well as increasing TAP. H2O2-induced caspase-3 overexpression and the increase of the Bax/BCL-2 protein ratio were also diminished by FA treatment. Conclusion: Taken together, FA may be considered a protective agent to prevent or postpone the progression of oxidative neurodegenerative diseases through its anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. Apoptosis, Ferulic acid, H2O2, oxidative stress, PC12 cells 486 493 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2172-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2023/11/242024/03/202023/12/172024/01/122023/05/222024/02/282023/07/242023/12/112022/08/122023/09/252023/08/22 1402/5/31 2024/05/72024/10/52024/04/232024/05/252024/05/182024/05/252024/05/252024/05/72024/05/252024/04/232024/05/28 1403/3/8 Mehrnaz Mehrabani Physiology Research Centre, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran mehrnaz.mehrabani@yahoo.com 00319475328460036796 000000025847364X No Mitra mehrabani Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Centre, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran mmehrabani@hotmail.com 00319475328460036797 0000000238655120 No Arian Amirkhosravi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Centre, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran arianamirkhosravi@yahoo.com 00319475328460036798 000000017811214X No Azadeh Aminzadeh Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran azadehaminzadeh@yahoo.com 00319475328460036799 0000000182931180 No Neda Tekiyeh Maroof Razi Drug Research Centre and Department of Pharmacology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran neda.maroof@gmail.com 00319475328460036800 0000000271528721 No Atiqah Ab Aziz Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia eyqa@um.edu.my 00319475328460036801 0000000239125041 No Tunku Kamarul Tissue Engineering Group, (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. tkzrea@um.edu.my 00319475328460036802 0000000260281313 No Alimohammad sharifi Razi Drug Research Centre and Department of Pharmacology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran sharifalim@gmail.com 00319475328460036803 0000000250897122 Yes

en Aims: Intestinal colitis or ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease that causes long-term inflammation and ulcers in the gastrointestinal tract. It has been suggested that mucosal expression of angiotensin II (AT-II) is increased in colitis. Here, we examined the potential therapeutic effects of combination therapy regarding Enalapril, as an Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, with sulfasalazine (SSZ) in a murine colitis model. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice divided to five groups: control group (distilled water), dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) (colitis group) (1 % DSS), SSZ (positive control group) with 100 mg/ kg/day, Enalapril alone group with 4 mg/kg/day, Enalapril (4 mg/kg/day) + SSZ (100 mg/kg/day). Results: There was a significant reduction in disease activity index among the group of mice receiving the combination of Enalapril and SSZ compared to the colitis group. Enalapril and SSZ treatment was associated with a lower reduction in colon length, decreased colon weight, spleen weight and spleen-to-body weight in mice with colitis. Following DSS administration, Enalapril and SSZ also significantly decreased MDA levels as an oxidant marker, and increased total thiol, SOD, and CAT levels, as anti-oxidants. In addition, mucosal damage, crypt loss, pathological changes, and inflammation score decreased after treatment with Enalapril and SSZ in comparison with colitis group. The combination of Enalapril and SSZ reduced colon collagen content and caused fibrosis to decrease in comparison with colitis group.  Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that Enalapril alone and in combination with SSZ decreased inflammation and clinical symptoms of colitis induced by DSS.   Colitis, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, Enalapril, inflammation 494 495 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1946-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2023/11/242024/03/202023/12/172024/01/122023/05/222024/02/282023/07/242023/12/112022/08/122023/09/252023/08/222023/02/5 1401/11/16 2024/05/72024/10/52024/04/232024/05/252024/05/182024/05/252024/05/252024/05/72024/05/252024/04/232024/05/282025/01/25 1403/11/6 Asma Mostafapour Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran MostafapourA1@mums.ac.ir 00319475328460038144 00319475328460038144 No Fereshteh Asgharzadeh Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Asgharzadehyf@mums.ac.ir 00319475328460038145 00319475328460038145 No Seyedeh Elnaz Nazari Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran nazarie4003@mums.ac.ir 00319475328460038146 00319475328460038146 No Moein Eskandari Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran EskandariM982@mums.ac.ir 00319475328460038147 00319475328460038147 No Niloufar Naghibzadeh Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Naghibzadehn951@mums.ac.ir 00319475328460038148 00319475328460038148 No Javad baharara Department of Biology & Research Center for Animal Development Applied Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran Bahararaj@gmail.com 00319475328460038149 00319475328460038149 No Amir Avan Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran avana@mums.ac.ir 00319475328460038150 00319475328460038150 No Seyed Mahdi Hassanian Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran HASANIANMEHRM@MUMS.AC.IR 00319475328460038151 00319475328460038151 No Majid Khazaei Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran khazaeimaj@gmail.com 00319475328460038152 0000000279795699 Yes