en jalali 1387 2 1 gregorian 2008 5 1 12 1 online 1 fulltext

en Introduction: The aim of this study was evaluate the ability of notochord to induce neural induction and/or differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cell to neuron and motor neuron, respectively. Methods: In order to produce embryoid bodies, ES cells line Royan B1 were grown in suspension in the absence of LIF for 4 days. EBs were divided into 4 groups. EBs in group 1 & 2 were further cultured in suspension for 4 days in presence of retinoic acid (RA) while EBs in group 3 and 4 were cultured in absence of RA. Unlike group 2 and 4, EBs in the group 1 and 3 were also co-cultured with notochord for further 4 days. Numbers and type of neurons were assessed for each group. Results: EBs in group 3 and 4 lead to 6 to 5 % neuron production while EBs in the group 1 and 2 lead to 55 and 42% neuron production, respectively. There were only significant difference at P <0.05 between groups 3 and 4 with groups 1 and 2. Assessment of percentage of motor neuron (Hb9 positive) reveals a significant increase in the group 1 compared to group 2. Conclusion: Apparently, co-culture of mouse embryonic stem cells in presence of notochord did not induce neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells, while notochord may direct neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells toward motor neurons Notochord, Neural induction, Embryonic stem cells, Co-culture, Retinoic acid 1 13 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-189-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2007/10/31 1386/8/9 2014/05/15 1393/2/25 Maryam Anjomshoaa anjomshoa@resident.mui.ac.ir 0031947532846004040 0031947532846004040 No Khadije Karbalaei 0031947532846004041 0031947532846004041 No Shahnaz Razavi sh_razavi@med.mui.ac.ir 0031947532846004042 0031947532846004042 No Mohammad Mardani 0031947532846004043 0031947532846004043 No Somayeh Tanhaei 0031947532846004044 0031947532846004044 No Mohammad Hossien Nasr Esfahani mh_nasr@resident.mui.ac.ir 0031947532846004045 0031947532846004045 No Hossein Baharvand baharvand50@yahoo.com 0031947532846004046 0031947532846004046 Yes

en تغییردر بیان ژن برخی آنزیم های دخیل در بیوسنتز و تجزیه کتکولامین ها بدنبال تجویز مزمن مرفین و درد در موش صحرایی مقدمه: استرس قادر به مهار تحمل به اثر ضد دردی مرفین است. تغییر در میزان کته کولامین ها به دنبال مصرف مزمن مرفین مشاهده شده است . در مطالعه حاضر به و (TyH) بیوسنتز کتکولامین ها یعنی تیروزین هیدروکسیلاز (Rate limiting) دنبال مصرف مزمن مرفین و بروز تحمل به اثر ضد دردی آن، میزان بیان آنزیم تنظیم گر مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. (COMT) متیل ترانسفراز -o- وکتکول (MAO-B ،MAO-A) B و A آنزیم های تجزیه کننده آنها یعنی منوآمین اکسیداز 20 دو بار در روز به مدت 4 روز برای القاء تحمل به مرفین استفاده شد. درد التهابی مزمن در طی 4 mg/kg روش ها: از تزریق مزمن مرفین بصورت داخل صفاقی با دوز Tail- Flick روز با تزریق روزانه 50 میکرو لیتر فرمالین 5% به طور متناوب به پنجه پاهای چپ و راست حیوان ایجاد گردید. برای برآورد اثر ضد دردی مرفین در روز 5 از آزمون نیمه کمی در روز 5 انجام گرفت. RT-PCR استفاده شد. بررسی بیان ژنهای مورد نظر با کمک روش دیده نشد اما درد مزمن، میزان بیان این ژن را افزایش داد . درد+مرفین بیان این ژن را MAO-A یافته ها: در گروه دریافت کننده مرفین تغییر بارزی در میزان بیان ژن نشان دهنده افزایش بیان این ژن در گروه دریافت کننده مرفین مزمن و عدم تغییر آن در گروههای دریافت کننده درد ویا درد+مرفین MAO-B تغییر نداد. بررسی تغییرات بیان در گروههای مختلف تغییری نداشت. بیان تیروزین هیدروکسیلاز توسط مرفین مزمن کاهش یافت. درد+مرفین بیان آنرا نسبت به گروه دریافت کنن ده مرفین COMT بود. بیان مزمن افزایش داد. نتیجه گیری: در طی ایجاد تحمل، بیان ژنها به نفع کاهش سنتز و افزایش حذف کتکولامین ها تغییر می نماید. به نظر م یرسد مصرف مزمن مرفین باعث کاهش دسترسی نرونهای نخاعی به کتکولامین ها شده و از این طریق به تکوین تحمل کمک می نماید. مشاهده قبلی ما مهار ایجاد تحمل به مرفین با کاربرد موضعی و توام اپی نفرین را نشان داده بود. Introduction: Stress inhibits the development of tolerance to morphine analgesia via activating Hypothalamic- Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. Modified catecholamine systems have been reported following morphine tolerance development. In the current study we tried to evaluate changes in the gene expression levels for MAO-A, MAO-B, COMT and thyrosine hydroxylase (TyH) enzymes following chronic pain, development of morphine tolerance and their combined administration. Methods: Analgesic tolerance was induced by intrapritoneal injections of morphine 20 mg/kg twice a day for 4 days. To study the effect of pain on morphine tolerance, 50 μl of formalin 5% was injected into the animal paws prior to morphine injections. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to evaluate the gene expression level in lumbar spinal cord on day 5. Three separate control groups received saline or morphine injections or pain induction. Results: Chronic administration of morphine increased the expression level of MAO-B, decreased the expression of TyH and did not change the expression of COMT and MAO-A. Pain increased the expression of MAO-A, but did not change the expression of MAO-B, COMT and TyH. The combination of morphine treatment and pain induction for 4 days partially reversed the reduced expression of TyH and did not change the expression of MAO-A, MAO-B and COMT. Conclusion: Our results showed that in the context of morphine tolerance, gene expression was changed toward decreased biosynthesis and increased elimination of catecholamines. It seems that chronic administration of morphine caused lower level of catecholamines in spinal neurons and help development of morphine tolerance. Also, chronic pain partially produced compensational changes in gene expression. This may explain for its anti-tolerance effect. Gene expression, MAOa, MAOb, COMT, Thyrosine hydroxylase, Morphine tolerance, Rat متیل ترانسفراز، مرفین، تحمل، موش صحرایی -o- کتکول ،B وA واژه های کلیدی: تحمل، بیان ژن، کتکولامین ها،. تیروزین هیدروکسیلاز، منوآمین اکسیداز 14 21 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-25&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2007/10/312011/01/26 1389/11/6 2014/05/152014/05/15 1393/2/25 Leila Satarian 0031947532846008145 0031947532846008145 No Mohammad Javan mjavan@modares.ac.ir 0031947532846008146 0031947532846008146 Yes Fereshteh Motamedi 0031947532846008147 0031947532846008147 No

en Introduction:Adenosine as a potent vasodilator has physiological role in regulation of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Metod: Laser-Dِoppler flowmetry technique was used to study pial vessels blood flow responses to adenosine receptors agonists and antagonist. Male Sprague Dawley rats (250-350g) that were housed in standard conditions, were anesthetized with Urethane (1.5g/kg). Adenosine (general agonist), NECA (A2Aand A2B receptor agonist) and CGS-21380(A2Aselective agonist), were used in absence and presence of A2A receptors- selective antagonist, ZM-243185, in naive and morphine-dependent rats. Results: Adenosine, NECA and CGS-21680 increased pial vessels blood flow in naive and dependent rats dose dependently. These responses were blocked significantly by ZM-243185. Responses of pial vessels to adenosine (10-4, 10-5, 10-6 M) and NECA (10-4, 10-5, 10-6 M) were increased significantly in morphine- dependent rats in comparison to naive rats. Pial vessels responses to CGS-21680 had not shown any significant deferences between morphine- dependent and naive rats. Conclusion:Based on these results it could be concluded that the role of A2B receptors in regulation of rCBF in morphine-dependent rats is more effective than A2A receptors. Adenosine receptors, morphine-dependence, pial vessels blood flow. 22 30 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-175-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2007/10/312011/01/262007/08/18 1386/5/27 2014/05/152014/05/152014/05/15 1393/2/25 Marzeieh Hoseini Tarbiat Modares university 0031947532846003759 0031947532846003759 No Sohrab Hajizadeh Tarbiat Modares university hajizads@modares.ac.ir 0031947532846003760 0031947532846003760 Yes yaghoub Fathollahi Tarbiat Modares university 0031947532846003761 0031947532846003761 No Mojtaba Golmohammadi 0031947532846003762 0031947532846003762 No Batoul Erfani 0031947532846003763 0031947532846003763 No Ali Heidarian Pour 0031947532846003764 0031947532846003764 No

en IIntroduction: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) modulates the excitability of cortical neural networks. The effect of rTMS on excitability of cortical networks depends on its frequency. According to the previous reports, a distinction is made between low (<1Hz) and high frequencies of rTMS. Low frequencies of rTMS inhibit seizure but high frequencies increase it. In the current study we tried to investigate the effect of different frequencies of rTMS on chemical kindling induced seizure in rats. Methods: Chemical kindling was induced by i.p. injections of penthylentetrazol (PTZ) 45 mg/kg, 3 times per week.Effect of different frequencies of rTMS (0.25, 1 and 5 Hz) on kindling acquisition was investigated. rTMS was applied 30 minutes after PTZ injections. Stimulation was delivered at motor threshold intensity (4s, 4 stimulus interval of 10 s). Results: Maximum stage of behavioral seizure decreased by 0.25 Hz rTMS and increased by 5 Hz rTMS. Stages 4 and 5 latencies were increased by 0.25 Hz rTMS and decreased by 5 Hz rTMS. Stage 5 duration was decreased by0.25Hz rTMS and increased by 5 Hz rTMS. Discussion: Our results showed that application of rTMS had significant effect on seizure parameters in acquisition period. Lower frequencies of rTMS seem to be more effective. rTMS, Epilepsy, Seizure, Penthylenterazol, Chemical Kindling, Rat. 31 38 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-44-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2007/10/312011/01/262007/08/182007/12/23 1386/10/2 2014/05/152014/05/152014/05/152014/05/15 1393/2/25 Somayeh Mongabadi Dept. Medical Physics, School of Meical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 0031947532846003765 0031947532846003765 No S.M.P. Firouzabadi Dept. Medical Physics, School of Meical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran pourmir@modares.ac.ir 0031947532846003766 0031947532846003766 Yes Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh Dept. Physiology, School of Meical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 0031947532846003767 0031947532846003767 No

en Introduction: Previous studies indicate that exercise influences cognitive function. Nevertheless, considering that exercise in animal study can be voluntary, or forced, effects of exercise (specially forced exercise) on learning and memory abides as a matter of controversy. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of treadmill exercise on LTP in the dentate gyrus of rats. Methods: The exercise program that is used was a moderate exercise consisting of treadmill running at 17 m/min and 0-degree inclination for 40 min/day, 7 days/week, for 12 weeks. Field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSP) were recorded in dentate gyrus (DG) after stimulation (by 400 Hz titanization) of Perforant pathway. Results: The indices of responses including amplitude of population spike and slope of excitatory postsynaptic potential were significantly smaller in exercise group with respect to control group. But the stimulus-response curves in DG area measured before induction of LTP, had no significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: The present results suggest that alternative stress due to electrical shock in order to motivate the animal to run in treadmill exercise, affect synaptic transmission and impairs LTP induction in DG. Therefore, these experiments indicate that chronic treadmill exercise can decline learning and memory. Long-term potentiation, Physical activity, Treadmill exercise, Learning and Memory. 39 45 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-186-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2007/10/312011/01/262007/08/182007/12/232007/10/14 1386/7/22 2014/05/152014/05/152014/05/152014/05/152014/05/15 1393/2/25 Shirin Babri Ph.D. of physiology shirinb46@yahoo.com 0031947532846004047 0031947532846004047 No Parham Reisi Ph.D. student of physiology parhamzh@gmail.com 0031947532846004048 0031947532846004048 Yes Hojjatallah Alaei Ph.D. of physiology alaei@med.mui.ac.ir 0031947532846004049 0031947532846004049 No Mohammad Reza Sharifi Ph.D. of physiology sharifi@med.mui.ac.ir 0031947532846004050 0031947532846004050 No Gisso Mohades Ph.D. of physiology gmohades@yahoo.com 0031947532846004051 0031947532846004051 No

en Introduction: Pain as a complex process in central nervous system (CNS) has been studied by many researchers. Pain is controlled by several CNS pathways, one of the most important of which, is the descending noradrenergic system. This system begins from locus coeruleus (LC) nucleus in pons and ends in the spinal cord. In this research, the effect of pain induced by formalin was studied. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 280-320 g were categorized into two groups of control (injection of 50 μl normal saline) and test (injection of 50 μl 2.5% formalin). Rats were anesthetized by pentobarbital sodium (50 mg/kg i.p.). Microdialysis probes were inserted 24 hrs before the test was done. Rats were anesthetized by urethane and formalin test for induction of chemical and tonic pain was performed on the hind paw of the animals. Micro dialysis samples were taken in 15 minutes intervals and noradrenaline (NA) and its metabolite, 3-methoxy 4-hydroxy phenylglycol (MHPG), were measured by HPLC-ECD. Results: The NA and MHPG concentration in the first and second phases of formalin test did not change significantly in neither test nor control groups. Conclusion: LC has no role in perception of pain induced by formalin test during anesthesia. Pain, Formalin test, locus coeruleus, Microdialysis, Noradrenaline. 46 51 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-188-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2007/10/312011/01/262007/08/182007/12/232007/10/142007/10/21 1386/7/29 2014/05/152014/05/152014/05/152014/05/152014/05/152014/05/15 1393/2/25 Javad Sajedianfard Sajedianfard 0031947532846004052 0031947532846004052 Yes Faramarz Azarang 0031947532846004053 0031947532846004053 No Elahe Solimannejad 0031947532846004054 0031947532846004054 No

en Instruction: Measurement of brachial artery diameter variation by ultrasound methods has commonly been used to test the endothelial function. It is known that the artery diameter is increased by flow stimulation. Therefore in the present study, the effect of external obstruction, as flow stimulation, on the radial strain of the brachial artery was assessed. Also the biomechanical behavior of the artery due to the changes in obstruction cuff position was evaluated. Methods: Firstly, for evaluating the effect of flow stimulation on healthy men's brachial artery, 200 mmHg pressure and 5 minutes of obstruction was applied. Then, without flow stimulation, it was evaluated by ultrasonic method. In order to evaluate the optimum cuff position with maximum biomechanical variation of the brachial artery, arteries of two regions including the proximal brachial (upper arm) and middle forearm of 10 healthy men were obstructed by 200 mmHg of stress. By acquiring artery diameter variation and estimation of radial strain, multiple frames of the B-mode ultrasonic images were saved on personal computer and maximum artery diameter in the systolic phase, artery diameter in the end of the diastolic phase and the shape of offline were measured. According to relative diameter variations, radial strain percentages were estimated. The effects of external obstruction and the position of this obstruction on the radial strain of the brachial artery were analyzed by t-test. Results: In the first stage, the results of ultrasonic evaluation of the left brachial artery showed that the radial strain induced by stress (200 mmHg) was significantly increased 3.5 times compared to the normal condition without stress. Evaluation of the obstruction's location and its effect on the relative brachial artery diameter showed that with the application of 200 mmHg obstruction in 1/3 of the superior arm and the middle forearm, the radial strain of the artery were 10.44 ± 2.63 % and 4.97 ± 3.61 %, respectively. The statistical analysis of the brachial artery radial strain showed a significant difference between the two obstruction's locations and 33% increase of the obstructed brachial artery's diameter variation in 1/3 of the superior arm. Conclusion: The brachial artery's radial strain is increased by the external obstruction of the artery. This increase seems to be larger in the upper arm region of the artery compared to the middle forearm region. Ultrasound, Biomechanical behavior, Brachial artery, Reactive hyperaemia 52 59 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-139-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2007/10/312011/01/262007/08/182007/12/232007/10/142007/10/212007/02/26 1385/12/7 2014/05/152014/05/152014/05/152014/05/152014/05/152014/05/152014/05/15 1393/2/25 Rafati Rafati mokhtarm@modares.ac.ir 0031947532846004055 0031947532846004055 Yes Manijhe Mokhtari-Dizaji manijhem@yahoo.com 0031947532846004056 0031947532846004056 No Hajir Saberi 0031947532846004057 0031947532846004057 No Hosein Chegini 0031947532846004058 0031947532846004058 No

en Introduction: Previous studies have shown that vitamin A and its derivatives such as retinoid and all-trans retinoic acid have a crucial role in memory, learning and synaptic plasticity. The receptors of vitamin A are seen in different parts of the brain such as hippocampus, where vitamin A has an important role in learning. In this study, the effect of intrahippocampal (CA1) injection of all – trans retinoic acid on spatial learning was investigated in adult male rats. Methods: 49 adult male rats divided in 7 groups were used. Test groups (1 – 4) received 1μl of all – trans retinoic acid dissolved in DMSO at concentrations of 1, 2, 4 and 8 μg/μl, for 4 consecutive days, 90 minutes before training. Group 5 received DMSO and 6th and 7th groups were designated as sham operation and control (intact) group, respectively. After each injection, Morris Water Maze (MWM) was used as a method to measure learning task. Results: This study showed that all – trans retinoic acid at the concentration of 1 μg/μl improved spatial learning in Morris Water Maze (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings show that all – trans retinoic acid improves spatial learning in rats via enhancing the expression of learning related proteins. All – tran\'s retinoic acid; Spatial learning; Morris Water Maze; Hippocampus 60 67 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-88-4&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2007/10/312011/01/262007/08/182007/12/232007/10/142007/10/212007/02/262008/06/11 1387/3/22 2014/05/152014/05/152014/05/152014/05/152014/05/152014/05/152014/05/152014/05/15 1393/2/25 Mahmoud Aminizadeh 0031947532846003772 0031947532846003772 No Mehdi Abbasnejad mabbas@mail.uk.ac.ir 0031947532846003773 0031947532846003773 Yes Ahmad Ali Moazedi 0031947532846003774 0031947532846003774 No AhmadAli Papahn 0031947532846003775 0031947532846003775 No

en Abstract Introduction: In this study the role of PGE2 as an important inflammatory mediator in Indomethacine and Theophylline effects on joint diameter and vascular response of chronically inflamed rat knee joint to saphenous nerve stimulation was investigated. Methods: Inflammation was induced by intraarticular injection of 0.2 ml Freund,s Complete Adjuvant (FCA) and 3, 7, 14, 21 days post injection knee joint diameter, blood flow changes to saphenous nerve stimulation and PGE2 content of joint were assessed using micrometer, laser Doppler flowmeter and enzyme immunoassay kit respectively. In another three groups, control and inflamed receiving Indomethacin or Theophylline also these variables determined. Results: After inflammation induction in rat knee joint constrictory response of joint vessels to saphenous nerve stimulation reduced but joint diameter enhanced significantly. Furthermore in inflamed rats received Theophylline both vascular response of knee joint to nerve stimulation and joint diameter decreased however, daily reception of Indomethacine had no effect on joint edema but increased constrictory response of joint vessels to nerve stimulation. Furthermore PGE2 content increased in inflamed knee joint in comparison with control (uninflamed) during two weeks but in rats receiving Indomethacine it reduced significantly on days 3, 14. Also in inflamed rats treated by Theophylline PGE2 content was significantly decreased only in day 14. Conclusion: In chronic inflammation PGE2 as an inflammatory mediator play an important role in edema and modulation of constrictory response of joint vessels to nerve stimulation. Furthermore antiedematotic effect of Theophylline also may be mediated by PGE2 through decrement of vascular permeability. Indomethacine, Theophylline, PGE2, Chronic inflammation 68 57 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-102-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2007/10/312011/01/262007/08/182007/12/232007/10/142007/10/212007/02/262008/06/112007/08/18 1386/5/27 2014/05/152014/05/152014/05/152014/05/152014/05/152014/05/152014/05/152014/05/152014/05/15 1393/2/25 iran pouraboli pouraboli_i@mail.uk.ac.ir 0031947532846003451 0031947532846003451 Yes sohrab hajizadeh 0031947532846003452 0031947532846003452 No hamid najafipour 0031947532846003453 0031947532846003453 No ali khoshbaten 0031947532846003454 0031947532846003454 No mohammadjavad rasaei 0031947532846003455 0031947532846003455 No

en Introduction: Stress has many effects on the development of systems and organs in the fetal period, and these effects appear after birth. Since hemopoietic system is susceptible to stress, effects of restraint stress were studied in offspring of pregnant rats. Methods: Pregnant rats were divided into one control and three stress groups. The control group did not receive any stress during the gestational period. Stress groups 1, 2 and 3 were subjected to restraint stress from 8 to 21, 8 to 17, and 17 to 21 days of gestation, respectively. At the age of 60 days, the blood samples were taken from the male offspring rats. Results: The results in the offsprings were as follows: a) Restraint stress markedly decreased the total number of white blood cells in offsprings of groups 1 and 3 . The percentage of granulocytes decreased and lymphocytes increased significantly in these groups. b) The number of red blood cells increased significantly in groups 1 and 2 compared with the control group. c) The number of platelets increased in group 1, although their hemoglobin decreased significantly. d) As for the index of RBC, the prenatal stress had an effect on MCV, MCH and MCHC in all groups. Conclusion: Our results showed that prenatal restraint stress causes long lasting changes in the blood parameters after birth. These data prove that restraint stress alters the function of immune and hemopoietic systems. Stress, Restraint stress, Blood parameters, Erythropoiesis, Granulopoiesis 76 82 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-202-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2007/10/312011/01/262007/08/182007/12/232007/10/142007/10/212007/02/262008/06/112007/08/182007/12/11 1386/9/20 2014/05/152014/05/152014/05/152014/05/152014/05/152014/05/152014/05/152014/05/152014/05/152014/05/15 1393/2/25 hatam ahmadi hatam_a_4167 0031947532846003484 0031947532846003484 No parvin rostami parvinrostami@yahoo.com 0031947532846003485 0031947532846003485 Yes