en jalali 1391 1 1 gregorian 2012 4 1 16 1 online 1 fulltext

en بازسازی مدل شبکه عصبی کنترل کننده حرکت در سی الگانس مجازی بر اساس اطلاعات موجود زنده مقدمه: شبکه عصبی کرم سی ‌الگانس یک نمونه خوب برای مطالعه شبکه های عصبی است، زیرا جزئیات ساختاری آن بطور کامل شناسایی شده است. در این مقاله، شبکه مجازی کنترل کننده حرکت این کرم که توسط سوزوکی و همکاران پیشنهاد شده بود با افزودن سیناپس های جدیدی به آن باز سازی شد. این سیناپس ها به تازگی و توسط روش حذف نورونی توسط لیزر در موجود واقعی شناسائی شده اند. مواد و روش ها: وزن های ورودی هر یک از نورون ها در این شبکه عصبی از سایت wormweb بدست آمد. حالت درونی برای تک تک نورون ها و کل خروجی این شبکه عصبی در شرایط جدید پس از مدل سازی ریاضی محاسبه شد. سپس با استفاده از نرم افزار Simulin در محیط MATLAB خروجی شبکه در مدل جدید شبیه‌سازی و ترسیم و با خروجی حاصل از مدل‌ ارائه شده توسط سوزوکی مقایسه شد. یافته ها: نتایج نشان می دهند که علارغم افزوده شدن این سیناپس های جدید به شبکه عصبی قبلی، خروجی آن همچنان شکل سینوسی خود را حفظ می کند و افزوده شدن این سیناپس های جدید فقط سبب تغییر در فرکانس، فاز و دامنه حالت درونی کل شبکه عصبی نسبت به مدل قبلی می شود. نتیجه گیری و بحث: این یافته‌ها نه تنها نشان دهنده توانمندی تولید الگوهای بیشتری توسط این شبکه عصبی در مقایسه با مدل پیشنهاد شده قبلی است. بلکه همچنین نشان دهنده اثر افزایش تعداد سیناپس ها به ازا هر نورون و مدار بندی جدید این شبکه بر خروجی کل شبکه بعنوان شبیه سازی از پدیده ای است که پس از شکل پذیری نورونی رخ می دهد. Introduction: C. elegans neural network is a good sample for neural networks studies, because its structural details are completely determined. In this study, the virtual neural network of this worm that was proposed by Suzuki et al. for control of movement was reconstructed by adding newly discovered synapses for each of these network neurons. These synapses are newly discovered in the actual organism by laser ablation technique. Methods: An input weight of each neuron in this network was obtained from wormweb site. Internal state of each neuron and the whole network in this new situation were calculated after mathematical modeling. Then output of the network in this new model was simulated and drawn by Simulink software in MATLAB environment and compared with Suzuki model outputs. Results: The results show that in spite of adding new synapses to the last model, its output shape does not change and preserve its sinusoidal form, and only its frequency, phase and amplitude of internal state of whole network are changed after modification. Also, adding of these new synapses to models change silent neurons in forward motion in Suzuki model to sinusoidal internal state producing neurons in this new situation. Conclusion: These findings not only show that this neural network has high capability for production of more output patterns than previously supposed, but also illustrates the effect of addition of new synapses per each neuron and rewiring on the whole network outputs as a simulation of situation that possibly happens after neural plasticity. C. elegans, motor neural network, internal state کرم سی‌الگانس، شبکه عصبی حرکتی، حالت درونی 1 10 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-92-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2012/03/10 1390/12/20 2012/05/6 1391/2/17 Zahra Nasem Ashora 00319475328460010596 00319475328460010596 No Majid Hassanpour-ezatti Shahed University Hassanpour@shahed.ac.ir 00319475328460010597 00319475328460010597 Yes Behrooz Raesi 00319475328460010598 00319475328460010598 No Ardeshir Dolati 00319475328460010599 00319475328460010599 No

en Introduction: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common and drug resistant epilepsy in adults. Due to behavioral, morphologic and electrographic similarities, pilocarpine model of epilepsy best resembles TLE. This study was aimed at determination of the changes in electroencephalogram (EEG) sub-bands amplitude during focal seizures in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Analysis of these changes might help detection of a pre-seizure state before an oncoming seizure. Methods: Rats were treated by scopolamine (1mg/kg, s.c) to prevent cholinergic effects. After 30 min, pilocarpine (380 mg/kg, i.p) was administered to induce status epilepticus (SE) and 2 hours after SE, diazepam (20 mg/kg, i.p) was injected to suppress the seizures. EEG was recorded in the epileptic rats by superficial electrodes. EEG signal in each rat was decomposed to its sub-bands alpha, beta, gamma, theta and delta by Daubechies wavelet transform. The power (square of amplitude) of sub-band during focal seizures was compared with the same sub-band in pre-ictal stage and the percent of changes in each rat was calculated. Results: SE occurred in 65% of the animals and happened 39.4±5.4 min after injection of pilocarpine. Focal and generalized seizures were developed 3.8±0.4 and 7.0±0.5 days after SE, respectively. Although power of EEG and its sub-bands decreased during focal seizures, the changes were not statistically significant. The greatest decrease in power pertained to beta and gamma sub-bands, while alpha and theta sub-bands underwent the least changes. Conclusion: Based on the protocol used in this study, it seems that the power of EEG sub-bands does not change during focal seizures in pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Electroencephalogram, Focal seizures, Pilocarpine 11 20 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-472-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2012/03/102011/12/13 1390/9/22 2012/05/62012/01/15 1390/10/25 Sahel Motaghi 00319475328460010600 00319475328460010600 No Mohammad Niknazar 00319475328460010601 00319475328460010601 No Mohammad Sayyah sayyahm2@pasteur.ac.ir 00319475328460010602 00319475328460010602 Yes Vahab Babapour 00319475328460010603 00319475328460010603 No Bijan Vosoughi Vahdat 00319475328460010604 00319475328460010604 No Mohammad Bagher Shamsollahi 00319475328460010605 00319475328460010605 No

en Introduction: Intranodal pathways of atrioventricular (AV) node play a vital role in the delay of conduction time in response to various atrial inputs. The present study was aimed to determine the frequency-dependent electrophysiological properties of concealed slow pathway according to a functional model of isolated rabbit atrioventricular node preparation after fast pathway ablation. Methods: Experiments were carried out in rabbit isolated heart AV-nodal preparations (N=8) by superfused/perfused mode. Extracellular recording was carried out from transitional cells of posterior and anterior extension of AV-node and upper part of atrium and its bundle. Unipolar silver electrode (100 μm) and direct voltage (100-110 V) was applied to create AV-nodal fast pathway ablation. Results: Minimum conduction time (AHmin) was significantly increased after fast pathway ablation (p<0.05). Fast pathway ablation had no significant impact on fatigue phenomenon but significantly reduced facilitation value (p<0.05). Rate-dependency properties of concealed slow pathway were explained according to functional nodal model. Conclusion: The mathematical functional model accurately simulated frequency-dependent electrophysiological properties of concealed slow pathway after fast pathway ablation, but some modifications are necessary for accurate prediction of nodal behavior in various cycle lengths and in arrhythmia. Concealed slow pathway may be considered as a potential electrophysiological substrate of fatigue and facilitation phenomenon Mathematical analysis, concealed slow pathway, fast pathway, ablation atrioventricular node 21 32 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-245-13&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2012/03/102011/12/132011/11/28 1390/9/7 2012/05/62012/01/152012/01/16 1390/10/26 vahid khori Golestan Cardiovascular Research Center, Gorgan, Iran vaphh99@yahoo.com 00319475328460010648 00319475328460010648 No samaneh Naeimipour Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Azad University Science & Research Center, Tehran 00319475328460010649 00319475328460010649 No Ali-Mohammad alizadeh Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 00319475328460010650 00319475328460010650 No mona pourabouk Golestan Cardiovascular Research Center abook_8181@yahoo.com 00319475328460010651 00319475328460010651 No fakhri Badaghabadi Golestan Cardiovascular Research Center nazari_2005@yahoo.com 00319475328460010652 00319475328460010652 No maryah Rajaei Golestan Cardiovascular Research Center 00319475328460010653 00319475328460010653 No sepideh Shariatnezhad Golestan Cardiovascular Research Center 00319475328460010654 00319475328460010654 No hamidreza Moheimani Golestan Cardiovascular Research Center 00319475328460010655 00319475328460010655 No saeed saleki Golestan Cardiovascular Research Center 00319475328460010656 00319475328460010656 No mohammadali Zeyghami Golestan Cardiovascular Research Center 00319475328460010657 00319475328460010657 No mohsen Nayebpour Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran vaph99@yahoo.com 00319475328460010658 00319475328460010658 Yes

en Introduction: Many studies have shown that amygdala kindling produces synaptic potentiation by induction of changes in the neuronal electrophysiological properties and inward currents both in epileptic focus and in the areas which are in connection with the epileptic focus and have important role in seizure development and progression such as hippocampal CA1 region. However, cellular mechanisms of these processes are not clear. In the present study, changes in the electrophysiological properties of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons following amygdala kindling were examined in rat. Methods: Animals were rapidly kindled by stimulation of right amygdala (12 stimulation per day, 1 ms pulse duration at 50Hz). Twenty-four hours after amygdala kindling, electrophysiological properties and inward currents of CA1 pyramidal neurons were assessed by using whole-cell patch clamp technique. Results: Amygdala kindling findings show that percentage broadening of the last spike compared to the first spike during a trains of action potentials was significantly increased in kindled rats (p<0.05). The number of rebound action potential was significantly increased from 1±1 in control rats to 6±1 in kindled rats (p<0.01). The amplitude of post stimulus afterhyperpolarization potential (Post AHP) following a trains of action potential was also significantly (p<0.05) increased in kindled group (-5±2mV) compared to normal rats (-3±1mV). Under voltage clamp condition, amygdala kindling produced a significantly larger inward current (-5344.25±33.19 pA, p<0.001) in CA1 pyramidal neurons compared to normal cells (-9203.6±44.99pA). Conclusion: The present findings show that amygdala kindling resulted in neuronal hyperexcitability through alteration of the electrophysiological characteristics possibly by increasing the inward currents in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Amygdala kindling, Seizure, Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons, Whole Cell Patch Clamp Recoding, Inward current 33 43 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-25-110&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2012/03/102011/12/132011/11/282011/12/12 1390/9/21 2012/05/62012/01/152012/01/162012/01/15 1390/10/25 Zohre Ghotbeddin 00319475328460010617 00319475328460010617 No Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh 00319475328460010618 00319475328460010618 No Saeed Semnanian 00319475328460010619 00319475328460010619 No Mahyar Janahmadi Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Physiology, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. mjanahmadi@yahoo.com 00319475328460010620 00319475328460010620 Yes

en Introduction: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-2 (Nox2) is one of the predominant sources of ROS production during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and can be induced by angiotensin II. The evidence suggests that pharmacological blockers of renin-angiotensin system can exert direct tissue effects independent of their ability to regulate blood pressure. The mechanism(s) responsible for such direct effects are not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the early changes of cardiac NOX2 gene transcription after myocardial ischemiareperfusion in rats treated with losartan, an angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Control, sham operated, ischemia-reperfusion (group IR), losartan without ischemia and losartan with ischemia-reperfusion. The animals underwent 30 min of left anterior descending artery occlusion and subsequent reperfusion for 180 min. The mRNA expression was determined by real time-PCR in ischemic area of the left ventricle (LV) and non ischemic area of right ventricle (RV). Results: Compared to control hearts, exposure to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion produced a significant increase in NOX2 mRNA level in ischemic area of LV (P<0.001) but not in non ischemic area of right ventricle. Although in losartan group, NOX2 mRNA levels neither in LV nor RV were significantly altered, while in losartan and ischemiareperfusion group NOX2 mRNA upregulation in ischemic area was significantly suppressed (P<0.01). Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, it could be concluded that following acute myocardial ischemia– reperfusion, NOX2 mRNA levels were increased in ischemic area of left ventricle but not in non ischemic area of right ventricle, suggesting the local effect of ischemia on the gene expression. Furthermore, inhibition of NOX2 transcription in ischemic area may be a mechanism of the anti ischemia effects of losartan. Myocardial ischemia reperfusion, losartan, NOX2 mRNA 44 53 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-494-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2012/03/102011/12/132011/11/282011/12/122011/12/17 1390/9/26 2012/05/62012/01/152012/01/162012/01/152012/03/4 1390/12/14 Fatemeh Safari 00319475328460010621 00319475328460010621 No Sohrab Hajiadeh fa.cardio@gmail.com 00319475328460010622 00319475328460010622 Yes Seyed Hosein Moshtaghion sa_physio@yahoo.com 00319475328460010623 00319475328460010623 No Mehdi Forouzandeh Moghadam 00319475328460010624 00319475328460010624 No Shahnaz Shekarforoush 00319475328460010625 00319475328460010625 No Gholamreza Bayat 00319475328460010626 00319475328460010626 No Roham Mazlum 00319475328460010627 00319475328460010627 No Leila Sattarian 00319475328460010628 00319475328460010628 No

en بررسی میزان بیان UCP2 درپدیده مقاومت به ایسکمی القاء شده به واسطه هیپراکسی نورموباریک متناوب در مدل سکته مغزی رت مقدمه: پیش شرطی سازی ایسکمیک یکی از مهمترین مکانیسم های مسئول افزایش مقاومت مغز به ایسکمی پس از سکته است. یکی از مهم ترین کاندیداهای پیش‌شرطی سازی به ایسکمی، هیپراکسی نورموباریک متناوب است. در مطالعه حاضر اثر هیپراکسی بر بیان UCP2 در مدل سکته مغزی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. روش ها: حیوانات شامل 4 گروه (نورموکسی - شم، هیپراکسی – شم، نورموکسی – سکته و هیپراکسی – سکته)، هر گروه شامل 6 رت بودند. غلظت اکسیژن استنشاقی در گروه هیپراکسی 95%، روزانه 4 ساعت و به مدت 6 روز متوالی و در گروه نورموکسی با همان شرایط و غلظت اکسیژن 21%. 24 ساعت بعد رت های گروه های سکته به مدت 60 دقیقه تحت انسداد شریان کاروتید راست قرار گرفتند. پس از 24 ساعت از جریان خون مجدد، نمره نقایض نورولوژیک مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت و سطوح مغزی UCP2 به روش وسترن بلات آنالیز شد. یافته ها: نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان می دهد که به دنبال ایسکمی – رپرفیوژن، سطح پروتئین UCP2 در گروههای سکته نسبت به گروههای شم افزایش معنی داری داشت. اما بین گروه هیپراکسی و نورموکسی تفاوت معنی داری وجود نداشت. همچنین هیپراکسی باعث کاهش نمره نقایص نورولوژیک شد. نتیجه گیری: به دنبال ایسکمی، استرس اکسیداتیو ناشی از افزایش ROS منجر به افزایش سطوح UCP2 در گروههای سکته شده است. در این مطالعه اثر حفاظت مغزی هیپراکسی مستقل از بیان UCP2 است. Introduction: ischemic preconditioning is one of the most important mechanisms, responsible for the increased brain resistance after stroke. One of the most important candidates to ischemia preconditioning is intermittent normobaric hyperoxia. In this study, the effect of intermittent normobaric hyperoxia on the expression of UCP2 was investigated in a stroke model. Methods: Rats were divided into 4 groups (normoxia – sham, hyperoxia – sham, normoxia – stroke and hyperoxia – stroke). Hyperoxia groups were exposed to 95% inspired O2, for 4 h/day and 6 consecutive days. Oxygen level in the control groups was %21 (normoxia). After 24 h, stroke groups were subjected to 60 min of right middle cerebral artery occlusion. After 24 h reperfusion neurological deficit scores were assessed. The brain UCP2 levels were analyzed by western blot. Results: The results of this study showed that following brain ischemia-reperfusion, UCP2 levels significantly increased in the stroke groups compared with the sham group while there was no significant difference in hyperoxia groups compared with normoxia. Also hyperoxia decreased neurological deficit scores. Conclusion: Following ischemia, oxidative stress caused by increase of ROS, leads to increased UCP2 levels in stroke groups. In this study, the neuroprotective effect of hyperoxia is independent of UCP2 expression. Hyperoxia, Stroke, Preconditioning, UCP2 هیپراکسی، ایسکمی، پیش شرطی سازی، UCP2 54 61 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-557-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2012/03/102011/12/132011/11/282011/12/122011/12/172011/10/27 1390/8/5 2012/05/62012/01/152012/01/162012/01/152012/03/42012/04/23 1391/2/4 Firoozeh Alavian Tarbiat Modares University firoozeh_a_a@yahoo.com 00319475328460010629 00319475328460010629 No Sohrab Hajizadeh Tarbiat Modares University Hajizads@modares.ac.ir 00319475328460010630 00319475328460010630 Yes Mohammad Reza Bigdeli Shahid Beheshti University bigdelimohammadreza@yahoo.com 00319475328460010631 00319475328460010631 No Gholam Reza Bayat Tarbiat Modares University gbayat2005@yahoo.com 00319475328460010632 00319475328460010632 No Mohammad Javan Tarbiat Modares University mjavan@modares.ac.ir 00319475328460010633 00319475328460010633 No

en بررسی تاثیر عصاره هیدروالکلی میوه گیاه پنج انگشت بر تغییرات هورمونهای جنسی در سندرم تخمدان پلی کیستیک(((PCOS القایی در موش صحرایی مقدمه: PCOS از اختلاات مهم سیستم تولید مثلی و غدد درون ریز زنان در سنین باروری می باشد. گزارشاتی مبنی بر تاثیر گیاه پنج انگشت بر محور هیپوفیز-هیپوتالاموس وجود دارد. لذا این مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثر عصاره هیدروالکلی میوه این گیاه بر تغییرات هورمون های جنسی پس از القا PCOS طراحی گردید. روش ها.: 32 موش صحرایی نژاد Sprague dawley (وزن20 ±200 گرم) که سیکل منظم داشتند انتخاب و به چهار گروه تقسیم گردیدند.گروه یک کنترل،گروه دوم کنترل درمان(شم) : به مدت 30 روز عصاره گیاه را با دوز mg/kg 365 دریافت کردند. گروه سوم PCOS : این گروه جهت القا PCOS به مدت 28 روز لتروزول( mg/kg 1 ) دریافت کردند .گروه چهارم PCT : پس از القا PCOS ، به مدت 30 روز توسط عصاره گیاه به صورت دهانی تحت درمان قرار گرفتند. در پایان خونگیری از قلب انجام و سطح سرمی هورمون های پروژسترون، استروژن، تستوسترون و دهیدرواپی آندروسترون(DHEA ) به روش الایزا تعیین شد. یافته ها: در گروه PCOS پس از تجویز لتروزول میزان استروژن و پروزسترون کاهش ولی میزان تستوسترون و DHEA افزایش نشان داد. عصاره گیاه پنج انگشت در گروه شم تغییر معنی داری در هورمونهای مورد ارزیابی ایجاد نکرد. مصرف عصاره این گیاه موجب افزایش سطح سرمی هورمون پروژسترون و کاهش هورمون تستوسترون در حیوانات مبتلا به PCOS گردید اما تاثیری بر میزان هورمون های استرادیول و DHEA نداشت. نتیجه گیری: عصاره گیاه پنج انگشت سبب بهبود وضعیت هورمونهای تستوسترون و پروژسترون درمدل حیوانی PCOS گردید ولی بر میزان استروژن و DHEA تاثیر معنی داری نداشت. Introduction: PCOS is an important reproductive and endocrine disorder in women in the reproductive age. Present reports indicate that Vitex agnus-castus acts through hypothalamus-pituitary axis. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of Vitex fruit hydroalcoholic extract on the alteration of sex hormones in a PCOS animal model. Methods: Following 14 days of monitoring of estrous cycles of rats, 32 animals with regular cycles were selected and randomly divided into four groups as follows: Control, treatment-control or sham (received 365 mg/kg Vitex extract for 30 days), PCO (received letrozole 1mg/kg for 28 days to induce PCOS) and PCT (treated with Vitex extract 365 mg/kg for 30 days after induction of PCOS). On the last day of experiments, estrous cycles of all animals were detected and blood was collected by heart puncture for evaluation of hormone levels. Results: The results showed that serum estradiol and progesterone levels decreased, while testosterone and DHEA levels increased following induction of PCO. No significant changes were observed in the hormone levels of the sham group compared to control. In the group treated with Vitex extract, a significant increase in serum levels of progesterone and a significant decrease in the serum testosterone levels were observed, however serum levels of estrogen and DHEA did not change significantly. Conclusion: Vitex agnus-castus fruit extract can improve serum levels of testosterone and progesterone in an animal model of PCOS, however it cannot change estrogen and DHEA levels significantly. Polycystic ovary syndrome, Vitex agnus-castus, Rat, Sex hormones سندرم تخمدان پلی کیستیک ، پنج انگشت ، موش صحرایی، هورمون های جنسی 62 69 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-306-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2012/03/102011/12/132011/11/282011/12/122011/12/172011/10/272012/02/7 1390/11/18 2012/05/62012/01/152012/01/162012/01/152012/03/42012/04/232012/04/21 1391/2/2 Gholamali Jelodar shiraz University jelodar@shirazu.ac.ir 00319475328460010634 00319475328460010634 Yes Kobra Askari Payam Noor University askarib81@yahoo.com 00319475328460010635 00319475328460010635 No

en Introduction: Ghrelin, increases food intake, decreases T3 and T4 concentrations and stimulates insulin release, while leptin reduces food intake and suppresses appetite. Considering the importance of thyroid hormones, ghrelin and leptin in body metabolism, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of interactions between ghrelin and leptin (injected via ICV route) and plasma T3 and T4 concentrations in rats. Methods: Fifty-six Wistar male rats (230 to 250 g/BW) were randomly divided into 7 groups. Groups 1, 2 and 3 received 1, 3 and 5 nmol ghrelin, while groups 4, 5 and 6 received 1, 5, 10 nmol leptin (2 μl via lateral cerebral ventricle). Animals in the 7th group received 5 nmol ghrelin with 10 nmol leptin via the same route for 3 days. Blood samples were collected daily starting from one day before until one day after infusions and plasma samples were used to assess T3 and T4 concentrations by RIA. To ensure proper cannulation, perfusion and brain slices were performed. Results: The results indicated that ghrelin significantly decreased T3 and T4 concentrations, whereas leptin increased these concentrations. The simultaneous injection of ghrelin and leptin significantly reduced the inhibitory effect of ghrelin on thyroid hormones concentrations. Conclusion: According to the results and other researchers’ suggestions, the opposite effects of leptin and ghrelin could be emphasized and some hormonal mechanisms for these 2 hormones (transmitters) such as HPA and/or HPT axes or MSH systems could be suggested. Ghrelin, leptin, T3, T4, ICV injection 70 78 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-546-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2012/03/102011/12/132011/11/282011/12/122011/12/172011/10/272012/02/72011/09/26 1390/7/4 2012/05/62012/01/152012/01/162012/01/152012/03/42012/04/232012/04/212012/02/22 1390/12/3 Ommolbanin Amoo-Rajabi rbani1359@gmail.com 00319475328460010636 00319475328460010636 Yes Ali Moghimi moghimi@um.ac.ir 00319475328460010637 00319475328460010637 No Homayoon Khazali Hkhazali@hotmail.com 00319475328460010638 00319475328460010638 No

en تغییر در رفتارهای وابسته به دوپامین در فرزندان موشهای ویستار باردار مواجه شده با استرس آلودگی صوتی مقدمه: اثرات استرس بر عملکرد و تکوین دستگاه عصبی بخوبی مشخص شده است. در این تحقیق تأثیر استرس آلودگی صوتی در موشهای ماده باردار بر رفتارهای وابسته به دوپامین در فرزندان آنها بررسی شده است. روش ها: موش‌های بزرگ آزمایشگاهی ماده نژاد ویستار با میانگین وزنی 200 گرم پس از بارداری تا روز چهاردهم هر روز به مدت 5 دقیقه بصورت تصادفی در معرض آلودگی صوتی (شدت 125 دسی‌بل) قرار گرفتند. فرزندان بعد از تولد توسط مادران نگهداری شدند تا به سن بلوغ (200 گرم-سه ماهگی) رسیدند. رفتار جستجو در این حیوانات شامل ایستادن، بو کشیدن، و حرکت در مدل میدان باز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بیست و چهار ساعت بعد همین حیوانات پس از تزریق زیر جلدی آنتاگونیست گیرنده های D2 دوپامینی یعنی سولپیراید ( mg/kg5) به منظور بررسی حساسیت گیرنده های دوپامینی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. یافته ها: نتایج ما نشان دادند که رفتار بو کشیدن کاهش (P<0.01) ولی رفتار ایستادن (P<0.05) و حرکت (از نظر آماری بی معنی) در نسل دوم گروه استرس افزایش یافته بود. تمامی رفتارهای وابسته به دوپامین پس از دریافت سولپیراید کاهش چشمگیری را از خود نشان داد اما این کاهش در گروه آزمایش بسیار بیشتر بود (P<0.001). نتیجه گیری: از این آزمایشها نتیجه می گیریم که رفتارهای وابسته به دوپامین در گروه آزمایش که در زندگی درون رحمی با استرس مواجه شده بودند به نحو قابل ملاحظه ای نسبت به گروه کنترل تغییر یافته بود. همچنین، گروه آزمایش پاسخ شدیدتری را به سولپیراید از خود نشان داد که این نیز میتواند دلیل دیگری بر تغییر در عملکرد سیستم دوپامینی مغز در این حیوانات باشد. Introduction: Effects of stress on nervous system activity and development are well defined. In the present study, the effects of maternal stress on dopamine-related behavior in the offspring were studied. Methods: Female pregnant Wistar rats (200 g) were randomly exposed to the noise pollution stress (125 db) for 14 days (5 min/day). The time of exposure was random in order to avoid adaptation. The offspring were nursed by their mothers until the adolescence (200 g-3 mounts of age). These animals were examined for their seeking behavior including rearing, sniffing and locomotion using open field method. Twenty four hours later, they received subcutaneous administration of the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, sulpiride (5 mg/kg) for evaluation of dopamine receptor sensitization. Results: Our results showed that sniffing was reduced (P<0.01), but both rearing (P<0.05) and locomotion (statically non significant) activity in the F2 of stress group was increased. Injection of sulpiride reduced animals activity (sniffing, rearing and locomotion) in both groups but the reduction was more pronounced in the stress group (P<0.001). Conclusion: It could be concluded that dopamine-related behavior differed in the experimental group, which was exposed to stress during intra-uterine life. In addition, the experimental group showed a pronounced response to sulpiride, which may be due to alteration in brain dopamine system activity in these animals. Noise Pollution Stress, D2 Dopamine Receptors, Sniffing, Rearing, Locomotion استرس آلودگی صوتی، گیرنده های D2 دوپامینی، بوکشیدن، ایستادن، حرکت. 79 85 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-74-56&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2012/03/102011/12/132011/11/282011/12/122011/12/172011/10/272012/02/72011/09/262011/12/22 1390/10/1 2012/05/62012/01/152012/01/162012/01/152012/03/42012/04/232012/04/212012/02/222012/04/3 1391/1/15 Tayebeh Hassanvand طیبه حسنوند 00319475328460010639 00319475328460010639 No Mohammad Balooch محمد بلوچ 00319475328460010640 00319475328460010640 No Mahnaz Azarnia مهناز آذرنیا 00319475328460010641 00319475328460010641 No Homeira Zardooz حمیرا زردوز 00319475328460010642 00319475328460010642 No Marjan Erfani مرجان عرفانی 00319475328460010643 00319475328460010643 No Seyedeh Yassaman Hosseini سیده یاسمن حسینی h.sahraei@bmsu.ac.ir 00319475328460010644 00319475328460010644 Yes Hedayat Sahraei هدایت صحرایی 00319475328460010645 00319475328460010645 No

en Introduction: Motor behavior and coordination impairment are known side effects of opioid treatment, yet very few studies have investigated the effects of tramadol on motor behavior, or compared its effect with the effect of an opioid. This study investigates the effects of chronic injection of morphine and tramadol on rat motor function during infancy. Methods: Neonate rats (n=56) were randomly divided into three groups. On postnatal days 8-14, one group received saline and two other groups received tramadol and morphine with a dose-dependent manner. On postnatal day 21, each group was divided into subgroups, which received morphine, tramadol or saline again on postnatal days 22-26. Finally, on postnatal days of 22 and 26, the motor behavior was studied. Results: On postnatal day 23, tramadol caused an increase the falling rate from Rotarod (P<0.001), But there was not any significant difference between morphine groups. On postnatal day 26 rat, there was a significant difference only for morphine groups that received additive doses. Conclusion: The last dose of morphine (15 mg/kg) interferes with motor behavior of immature rats, whereas tramadol with additive doses on the first two days (3-6 mg/kg) caused an impairment in motor behavior of immature rats, but could not maintain this ability for the rest of the days of the injection (until 26 day). tramadol, rotarod, morphine, neonatal period 86 94 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-581-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2012/03/102011/12/132011/11/282011/12/122011/12/172011/10/272012/02/72011/09/262011/12/222011/11/22 1390/9/1 2012/05/62012/01/152012/01/162012/01/152012/03/42012/04/232012/04/212012/02/222012/04/32012/01/16 1390/10/26 Morteza Gholami biologygholami@gmail.com 00319475328460010646 00319475328460010646 Yes Samad Zare s.zare@urmia.ac.ir 00319475328460010647 00319475328460010647 No