en jalali 1395 2 1 gregorian 2016 5 1 20 2 online 1 fulltext

en The sense of olfaction reached its zenith in development much earlier than other special senses. Olfaction is much more acute than the other senses, exhibits both high sensitivity for odours and high discrimination between them. This plays a very important role even in the social and behavioral aspects of human beings. Recent studies using molecular genetics, electrophysiology and behavioral analysis have elucidated the mechanism, connectivity and functions of olfaction in different organisms. This review is a general topic of interest and discusses the recent advancements regarding the chemical nature of human olfactory receptors, mechanism of olfactory transduction, nomenclature and families of olfactory receptors, olfactory coding, smell discrimination in different animals and olfactory memory. Olfaction, Odorant receptors, Olfactory memory, Olfactory coding, Smell discrimination in different animals 74 82 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-11-913-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2016/03/21 1395/1/2 2016/06/13 1395/3/24 Stephy Sebastian Department of Physiology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, Karnataka, India drstephy06@gmail.com 00319475328460016407 00319475328460016407 No Nagaraja Puranik Department of Physiology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, Karnataka, India puraniknk@gmail.com 00319475328460016408 00319475328460016408 Yes

en Introduction: To protect genomes of all organisms from internal and external damages and maintain the genome integrity and the continuity of life, repair system has been developed in all living cells. Defects in repair system are responsible for various kinds of disease including cancers and neurodegenerative diseases such as Multiple sclerosis (MS). The relationship between various components of the repair system and MS has been confirmed by investigations on separate cohorts in independent research. The main aim of this study was to discover the genetic association of two functional polymorphisms of rs1799782 in XRCC1 and rs2303425 in MSH2 genes as the key players in DNA repair system; with MS. Methods: The genotypes of 105 MS patients and 102 age and sex matched healthy controls for these polymorphisms were determined by a PCR-RFLP technique. Results: Genotype and allele frequencies of rs1799782 in patients with MS compared to the control group demonstrated a significant difference and a possible role for this polymorphism in MS pathogenesis (P value (0.02) and OR (3.4)). The rs2303425 polymorphism showed no significant correlation (P value = 0.41 and OR=1.5) with the risk of MS in Iranian population. Conclusion: Our results suggest a possible role for repair system genes and their significance in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. DNA repair, Multiple Sclerosis, Association study, XRCC1, MSH2 83 89 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-486-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2016/03/212016/04/27 1395/2/8 2016/06/132016/05/9 1395/2/20 Zahra Abedi Kichi Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran zahraabedi38@yahoo.com 00319475328460016409 00319475328460016409 No Fatemeh Khani-Habibabadi Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran f.khani90@yahoo.com 00319475328460016410 00319475328460016410 No Mohammadali Sahraian MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran sahraian1350@yahoo.com 00319475328460016411 00319475328460016411 No Rosita Doosti MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran sahraian150@yahoo.com 00319475328460016412 00319475328460016412 No Mehrdad Behmanesh Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran behmanesh@modares.ac.ir 00319475328460016413 00319475328460016413 Yes

en Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and impaired lung functions have been associated with an increased risk for coronary heart disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the pulmonary functions in patients with MetS. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 200 subjects with MetS in the study group and 100 subjects without MetS in the control group. Participants were examined at M.P. Shah Medical College, Jamnagar, India between 2013 to 2016. MetS was assessed according to the National Cholesterol Education Program’s-Adult Treatment Panel III Criteria. Pulmonary function, fasting glucose, insulin and lipid profile levels were measured and homeostatic model assessment was used to assess insulin resistance. Pulmonary function and components of MetS were examined using independent Student's t-test, analysis of variance and chi-square test. Results: The overall prevalence of pulmonary functions impairment in patients with MetS was 50% with high prevalence of restrictive ventilatory patterns (33%). Insulin resistance was significantly (P<0.001) higher in the study group than in control group, while pulmonary functions variables of study group were significantly (P<0.001) lower than those of control group. There were significant differences in the body mass index, waist circumference, blood glucose, and insulin resistance (P<0.05) between ventilatory pattern of subgroups. Conclusion: We found that components of MetS and insulin resistance were significantly related to the impairment of pulmonary function. Therefore present study suggests that increased components of MetS and insulin resistance are risk factors for decline pulmonary functions in subjects with MetS. Metabolic syndrome, Pulmonary functions, Insulin resistance, Prevalence 90 97 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-743-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2016/03/212016/04/272016/03/31 1395/1/12 2016/06/132016/05/92016/05/4 1395/2/15 Prema Ram Choudhary Department of Physiology, C.U. Shah Medical College, Surendranagr Gujarat, India prema5252@gmail.com 00319475328460016424 00319475328460016424 Yes Rameshchandra D Jani Department of Physiology, C.U. Shah Medical College, Surendranagr Gujarat, India dr.rdjani@gmail.com 00319475328460016425 00319475328460016425 No

en Introduction: Although aging is the most important risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), there is evidence indicating that neuroinflammation may contribute to the development and progression of the disease. Several studies indicated that minocycline may exert neuroprotective effects in rodent models of neurodegenerative diseases. Nevertheless, there are also other studies implying that minocycline has no positive beneficial effects. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the preventive effect of minocycline against Aβ-induced changes in intrinsic electrophysiological properties in a rat model of AD. Methods: The present study extended this line of research by examining whether inhibition of microglial activation may alter the intrinsic electrophysiological properties of CA1 pyramidal neurons in a rat model of Aβ neurotoxicity, using whole cell patch clamp. Results: Findings showed that bilateral injection of the Aβ (1-42) into the prefrontal cortex caused membrane hyperpolarization, action potential (AP) narrowing and after hyperpolarization (AHP) amplitude enhancement. It was also resulted in a faster decay time of AP, higher rheobase current, lower firing frequency and smaller post stimulus AHP amplitude. Administration of minocycline (45mg/kg, i.p) not only failed to prevent Aβ-induced alterations in the intrinsic electrophysiological properties, but also enhanced the effects of Aβ on neuronal firing behavior. Conclusion: It can be concluded that minocycline, as a microglial inhibitor, may enhance the disruption of electrophysiological properties of CA1 pyramidal neurons induced by Aβ neurotoxin, including AP parameters and intrinsic neuronal excitability. Amyloid Beta (Aβ), Neurotoxicity, Minocycline, Microglial Cells, CA1 Pyramidal Neurons, Intrinsic properties 98 107 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-914-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2016/03/212016/04/272016/03/312016/03/27 1395/1/8 2016/06/132016/05/92016/05/42016/06/12 1395/3/23 Sharareh Daryani Neuroscience Research Centre and Dept. of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Evin, Tehran, Iran shararehdar@yahoo.com 00319475328460016462 00319475328460016462 No Alireza Farzaei Dept. of Physiology, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran alirezafarzaei@gmail.com 00319475328460016463 00319475328460016463 No Narges Hosseinmardi Neuroscience Research Centre and Dept. of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Evin, Tehran, Iran nargeshosseinmardi@gmail.com 00319475328460016464 00319475328460016464 No Farideh Bahrami Neuroscience Research Centre and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran farideh_bahrami@yahoo.com 00319475328460016465 00319475328460016465 No Mahyar Janahmadi Neuroscience Research Centre and Dept. of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Evin, Tehran, Iran Janahmadi@sbmu.ac.ir 00319475328460016466 00319475328460016466 Yes

en Introduction: There is evidence that diabetes affects seizure susceptibility. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) which is used in traditional medicine has antioxidant activity and neuroprotective effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seizure threshold induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in diabetic mice after induction of diabetes with streptozocin and to examine the possible role of ginger extract in this manner. Methods: The anticonvulsant effect of ginger was investigated using i.v. PTZ-induced seizure models in non-diabetic and diabetic mice. Different doses of the hydroethanolic extract of ginger (50 and 100 mg/kg; i.p.) were administered daily for 2 weeks before PTZ challenge. The effect of ginger on the appearance of three separate seizure endpoints e.g. myoclonic, generalized clonic, and tonic extension phase were recorded. Results: The results showed that the ginger extract has anticonvulsant effects in the experimental model of seizure tested as it significantly increased the seizure threshold. Diabetic animal’s shows high blood glucose level and lower seizure threshold compared with non-diabetic control animals. Hydroethanolic extract of ginger significantly increased the onset time of myoclonic seizure (p<0.001) and significantly prevented generalized clonic (p<0.001) and forelimb tonic extension (p<0.001) seizure induced by PTZ in both non-diabetic and diabetic animals compared with control group. Conclusion: Based on the results, the hydroethanolic extract of ginger has anticonvulsant effects in diabetic mice, possibly through hypoglycemic effect, antioxidant mechanisms, and oxidative stress inhibition. Seizure, Ginger, Diabetes, PTZ, Mice 108 116 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-800-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2016/03/212016/04/272016/03/312016/03/272016/04/21 1395/2/2 2016/06/132016/05/92016/05/42016/06/122016/05/30 1395/3/10 Abdolkarim Hosseini Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran ab_hosseini@sbu.ac.ir 00319475328460016421 00319475328460016421 No Naser Mirazi Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran mirazi@basu.ac.ir 00319475328460016422 00319475328460016422 Yes Ali Gomar Department of Biology, Science & Research Institute, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran gomar.ucla@gmail.com 00319475328460016423 00319475328460016423 No

en Introduction: For thousands of years, plants have been used as the main source of drug worldwide. Recently, it has been found out that the plant Artemisia annua and especially its derivatives such as artemether have anticancer properties. Methods: In this study, the anticancer effect of artemether on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was examined. MTT assay was used to assess the viability of cancer cells. Results: The data showed that artemether (100-300 nM) resulted in MCF-7 growth inhibition. Artemether plus vincristine or doxorubicin compared to each drug alone showed significant cytotoxic effects. Over 50 percent of cells were killed in combination of non-effective doses of artemether and doxorubicin (50 and 160 nM, respectively). Conclusion: Taken together, the combined therapy of artemether and anticancer drugs would be a promising strategy for breast cancer but the effectiveness of such combination therapy needs to be verified by experimental and clinical investigations. Breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, Artemether, Cell viability, Chemotherapy 117 121 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-79-8&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2016/03/212016/04/272016/03/312016/03/272016/04/212016/02/23 1394/12/4 2016/06/132016/05/92016/05/42016/06/122016/05/302016/06/9 1395/3/20 Mohammad Rasoul Samandari-Bahraseman Research Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, GraduateUniversity of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran m.r.samandari@gmail.com 00319475328460016426 00319475328460016426 No Solmaz Sarhadi Research Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, GraduateUniversity of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran sosa1360@yahoo.com 00319475328460016427 00319475328460016427 No Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman semahani@yahoo.com 00319475328460016428 00319475328460016428 Yes

en Introduction: The nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis (LPGi) is involved in the descending pain modulation. The neurostreoid, 17β-estradiol found in the PGi nucleus and modulates nociception by binding to estrogen receptors and also by allosteric interaction with NMDA receptors. In this study, the role of NMDA receptors in the 17β-estradiol-induced pain modulation was investigated by assessing the inflammatory pain responses changes after blockade of the LPGi nucleus’ NMDA receptors.  Methods: In order to study the antinociceptive effect of intra-LPGi microinjection of 17β-estradiol, a guide cannula was implanted into the right LPGi nucleus. 500 nl of drugs were administered 15 minutes prior to formalin (50 μl of 4%) injection. Then, formalin-induced paw jerking behaviour was recorded for 60 min. For assessing the role of the NMDA receptors in the pain modulation by 17β-estradiol, it was injected 15 min after the intra-LPGi administration of 0.5 nmol of AP5 (the NMDA receptor antagonist); and paw jerking frequency was recorded for 1 h. Results: The results of the present study showed that intra-LPGi injection of 0.8 μmol of 17β-estradiol attenuated the chronic phase (P<0.001) of paw jerking behaviour. AP5 significantly reduced the antinociceptive effect of intra-LPGi 17β-estradiol both in the acute (P<0.001) and in the chronic phase (P<0.001) of formalin test. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the analgesic effect of intra-LPGi injection of 17β-estradiol on the formalin-induced inflammatory pain might be mediated via NMDA receptors. 17β-Estradiol, Paragigantocellularis lateralis nucleus, NMDA receptor, Pain 122 129 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-439-6&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2016/03/212016/04/272016/03/312016/03/272016/04/212016/02/232016/02/21 1394/12/2 2016/06/132016/05/92016/05/42016/06/122016/05/302016/06/92016/05/25 1395/3/5 Roghaieh Khakpay Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran rkhakpai@gmail.com 00319475328460016434 00319475328460016434 Yes Maryam Azaddar Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran maryam.azaddar@yahoo.com 00319475328460016435 00319475328460016435 No Fatemeh Khakpay Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran khakpai@gmail.com 00319475328460016436 00319475328460016436 No

en Introduction: Multi-drug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa is constantly increasing and causing severe issues in combatting widely spread health problems. The aim of this study was to assess colistin susceptibility in MDR P. aeruginosa isolates obtained from different infection sites. Methods: Ninety clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected from different hospitals of the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. All isolates were identified using standard microbiology tests. The disk diffusion susceptibility testing was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Antibiotic disks used in this study included ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ceftazidime, amikacin, gentamicin, cefepime, imipenem, meropenem, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin, aztreonam, and colistin. The MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of colistin was determined by the agar dilution method according to CLSI guidelines. Results: MDR isolates were found in 75.6%, in which there was a high frequency in wound specimens (23.3%), followed by blood (17.8%), urine (15.6%), trachea (13.3%), and peritoneum (5.6%). High resistance rate (above 50%) was observed with piperacillin, aztreonam, ceftazidime, cefepime, meropenem, gentamicin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin. All isolates were found to be susceptible to colistin through the disk diffusion method; however, two isolates were non-susceptible in the agar dilution method. Conclusion: The present study shows a high frequency of MDR P. aeruginosa in our subjects, the limitations of empirical therapy, and the need for susceptibility testing. The most effective antibiotic against MDR P. aeruginosa was colistin. Therefore, colistin may be an alternative antimicrobial agent for infections due to MDR P. aeruginosa. Colistin, Multi-drug resistant, P.aeruginosa 130 136 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-902-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 2016/03/212016/04/272016/03/312016/03/272016/04/212016/02/232016/02/212016/01/25 1394/11/5 2016/06/132016/05/92016/05/42016/06/122016/05/302016/06/92016/05/252016/06/9 1395/3/20 Mohammad Yousef Memar Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran y.memar@yahoo.com 00319475328460016437 00319475328460016437 No Rahman Pormehrali Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 00319475328460016438 00319475328460016438 No Nasser Alizadeh Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran alizade.naser@ymail.com 00319475328460016439 00319475328460016439 No Reza Ghotaslou Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran rzgottaslo@yahoo.com 00319475328460016440 00319475328460016440 Yes Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 00319475328460016441 00319475328460016441 No