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Neuropharmacological effects of Ocimum basilicum and its constituents 2 2 Introduction: Various pharmacological effects of Ocimum basilicum (O. basilicum) have been investigated including: antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-ulcerogenic, cardiac stimulant, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and immunomodulatory properties. It has also the beneficial effects in nervous system disorders, reproductive disorders and respiratory diseases. In this article the neuropharmacological effects of O. basilicum and its constituents is reviewed. Methods: The data was gathered by searching: PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar using the following key words: Basil, O. basilicum, neuropharmacological, neurotoxicity, neurodegeneration, memory, learning, epilepsy, pain, anticonvulsant, antianxiety, anxiety, depression and anti-depressant. Results: This review indicates that O. basilicum and its constituents have various properties including anti-depression, anti-anxiety, anti-analgesic, anti-nociceptive and memory enhancer which are probably due to its antioxidant property of O. basilicum. Conclusion: It seems that O. basilicum and its constituents could be of therapeutic values in nervous system diseases. 70 81 2019/01/14 1397/10/24 2019/05/19 1398/2/29 Farzaneh Shakeri Farzaneh Shakeri Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran Iran Mahmoud Hosseini Mahmoud Hosseini Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Iran Hosseinim@Mums.ac.ir Ahmad Ghorbani Ahmad Ghorbani Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Iran ghorbania@mums.ac.ir O. basilicum Seizure Depression Anxiolytic Analgesic. 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Cobalamin modulate neurotoxic effects of trimethyltin chloride on hippocampus neural cells and cognitive function 2 2 Introduction: Cobalamin (vitamin B12) is essential for metabolism of the nervous system and its supplementation attenuate neuropathic and neuroinflammatory diseases. We designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of cobalamin against the trimethyltin chloride (TMT) induced structural and functional damages in the hippocampus. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: 1) control: received saline; 2) TMT: received a single dose of TMT (8mg/kg; ip) to induce hippocampal damages; 3) cobalamin: received cobalamin (18mg/kg; ip) for five consecutive days and 4) TMT+cobalamin: received single ip injection of TMT then were treated with cobalamin for five consecutive days. In day six of the experiments, behavioral effects of TMT and cobalamin were evaluated through shuttle box and novel object recognition task. After the behavioral tests, animals were perfused transcardially and Nissl staining was used on hippocampus to assess neural cell damages. Results: Novel object exploring time was significantly decreased in TMT treated rats and treatment with cobalamin after TMT injection significantly recompensed this effect of TMT. In passive avoidance, TMT significantly decreased latency to enter the dark box, while cobalamin administration after the TMT injection significantly abolished this effect of TMT. Neural cell counted in the areas of hippocampus was significantly decreased in the TMT group and cobalamin treatment after the TMT injection significantly prevented neural cell loss. Conclusion: These results indicate a neuroprotective role for cobalamin against the TMT induced memory impairment and hippocampal neuronal loss. 82 90 2019/01/142019/02/18 1397/11/29 2019/05/192019/05/14 1398/2/24 Zeinab Hamidizad Zeinab Hamidizad Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran Iran Shima Ababzadeh Shima Ababzadeh Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran Iran Fatemeh Heidari Fatemeh Heidari Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran Iran Narges-al-Sadat Haeri Narges-al-Sadat Haeri Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran Iran Mohsen Eslami Farsani Mohsen Eslami Farsani Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran Iran Mehdi Sadegh Mehdi Sadegh Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran Iran m.sadegh@arakmu.ac.ir Avoidance memory Neurotoxin Novel Object Vitamin B12. 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The effects of captopril on learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine in rats: anti-oxidative effects 2 2 Introduction: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are suggested to have some beneficial effects on the brain. In the present study the protective effects against brain tissues oxidative damage as possible mechanism for learning and memory improving effects of captopril was investigated in scopolamine treated rats. Methods: Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups and treated: saline as a control group, Sco (scopolamine) and Sco-Capto10, 50 and 100 (captopril 10, 50 and 100mg/kg before scopolamine). Treatment was passive avoidance test and then the cortical tissues were collected to measure malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, thiol, super oxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Results: Scopolamine decreased the latency to enter the dark in passive avoidance test compared to control group. It also increased MDA and NO metabolites while decreased thiol, SOD and CAT in comparison with control group. Captopril increased the latency to enter the dark. It also decreased MDA and NO metabolites while, increased thiol, SOD and CAT. Conclusion: Captopril protected brain tissues oxidative damage and improved learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine. 91 100 2019/01/142019/02/182019/01/9 1397/10/19 2019/05/192019/05/142019/05/14 1398/2/24 Hamid Reza Akbari Hamid Reza Akbari Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Iran Farimah Beheshti Farimah Beheshti Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran Iran beheshtif931@mums.ac.ir Hamid Reza Sadeghnia Hamid Reza Sadeghnia Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Iran Sadeghniahr@mums.ac.ir Soleyman Bafadam Soleyman Bafadam Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Iran Yousef Baghcheghi Yousef Baghcheghi Student Research Committee, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Iran Baghchey911@mums.ac.ir Mahmoud Hosseini Mahmoud Hosseini Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Iran hosseinim@mumsa.c.ir Scopolamine Captopril Oxidative stress Learning and memory. 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Inactivation of β1-adrenergic receptor in the basolateral amygdala nucleus attenuated anxiety-like behaviour in response to foot-shock stress in the male rat 2 2 Introduction: The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is implicated in stress-related disorders such as anxiety-like behavior. Substantial data exist demonstrating a close relationship between anxiety and adrenergic receptor function in patients with anxiety disorders; however, little is known about the effects of the β1 adrenergic receptor in the BLA on anxiety. This experiment examined the effects of the β1 adrenergic receptor in the BLA on anxiety-like behavior. Methods: Male Wistar rats were exposed to foot-shock stress four consecutive days that were uncontrollable. The β1-adrenoreceptor agonist (dobutamine; 0.5μl/side) or antagonist (atenolol; 0.25μl/side) bilaterally infused into the BLA five minutes before foot-shock stress. Anxiety-like behaviors were assessed 24h after four consecutive day’s uncontrollable stress using elevated plus-maze (EPM) and open field test (OFT). Results: Findings of EPM revealed that foot-shock stress leads to anxiogenic effect with reduction the time spent and the number of entries into the open arms and increased head-dipping. Intra-BLA infusions of atenolol before stress affected animal behavior differently, such that it significantly increased the time spent and the number of entries into the open arms and decreased head-dipping. Also, OFT results showed the intra-BLA infusion of atenolol increased the time periods spent in the center, number of center entries and reduced the number of rearing as compared with the stress group. Conclusion: These results suggest that the anxiety-like behavior observed after the foot-shock stress is mediated, in part, by exaggerated β1 adrenergic receptor acting at the BLA. 101 114 2019/01/142019/02/182019/01/92018/11/11 1397/8/20 2019/05/192019/05/142019/05/142019/04/23 1398/2/3 Leila Hosseinmardi Leila Hosseinmardi Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran Iran leilahosseinmardi@damghaniau.ac.ir Abdolhossein Shiravi Abdolhossein Shiravi Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran Iran shiravi@damghaniau.ac.ir Gholam Hossein Meftahi Gholam Hossein Meftahi Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iran hossein.meftahi@bmsu.ac.ir Mohammad Reza Afarinesh Mohammad Reza Afarinesh Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Iran r.afarinesh@kmu.ac.ir Anxiety-like behaviour Basolateral amygdala β1-Adrenergic receptor Stress. 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Insulin attenuates 6-hydroxydopamine induced cell death in human neuroblastoma cells and restores p-Akt/t-Akt level 2 2 Introduction: Human neuroblastoma cell line is used in studying Parkinson’s disease (PD) due to its similarities to dopaminergic neurons. 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), a catecholaminergic neurotoxin, has been widely used to induce cell death in cellular models of PD. Although the brain glucose entry is not dependent on insulin, this peptide has been reported to have a role in PD, in which insulin signaling disruption is reported. This study aimed to evaluate, if insulin is efficient in preventing 6-OHDA induced cell death in human neuroblastoma cells as well as its effect on phoshorylated Akt (p-Akt)/total Akt (t-Akt) ratio. Methods: The cells -grown in DMEM/F12 media supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum- were exposed to 6-OHDA with/without insulin for 24h, and then MTT assay was done to examine their viability. A pilot study was performed to assess the protective doses of insulin and accordingly the doses 0.9 and 1mM were selected. Western blot assay was done to evaluate the effect of 6-OHDA or insulin on p-Akt and t-Akt level. Results: The results indicated that insulin has potency to prevent SH-SY5Y cell death, and p-Akt/t-Akt decline induced by 6-OHDA. Conclusion: The results suggested insulin as a protective agent in dopaminergic cells. 115 122 2019/01/142019/02/182019/01/92018/11/112018/11/19 1397/8/28 2019/05/192019/05/142019/05/142019/04/232019/04/16 1398/1/27 Roksana Soukhaklari Roksana Soukhaklari Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Iran stud2282015101@sums.ac.ir Rasoul Ghasemi Rasoul Ghasemi Neurophysiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iran Rghasemi60@sbmu.ac.ir Maryam Moosavi Maryam Moosavi Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Iran marmoosavi@sums.ac.ir Insulin Parkinson’s disease 6-OHDA SH-SY5Y Akt. Amiri E, Ghasemi R, Moosavi M. Agmatine protects against 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis, and ERK and Akt/GSK disruption in SH-SY5Y cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 36: 829-838.##Ashraghi MR, Pagano G, Polychronis S, Niccolini F, Politis M. 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Ameliorative effect of berberine on functional disorders and histological damages of pancreas in renal ischemia/reperfusion 2 2 Introduction: Renal ischemia/reperfusion (RIR) is considered as one of the most prevalent reasons of acute renal failure. As renal failure is progressed, renal gluconeogenesis and insulin clearance are decreased. Berberine is the most important alkaloid of Berberis vulgaris. It has anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties. The goal of this study was to assign the effect of RIR on the pancreas and to define the effect of berberine on the pancreatic damages induced by RIR. Methods: Male rats were allocated into four groups (n=7): sham (no intervention), Ber (berberine, 15mg/kg/day), I/R (subjected to 45min bilateral renal artery occlusion), Ber+I/R (berberine, 15mg/kg/day). After 24h, blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis and eventually pancreas tissue samples were kept for subsequent histological examination. Results: The ischemic challenge of kidneys resulted in pancreatic vascular congestion, which was associated with decreased plasma level of glucose as well as increased plasma insulin, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels at the termination of reperfusion period. In Ber+I/R group, pancreatic vascular congestion and decreased plasma level of insulin were improved concomitant to increase in plasma creatinine and urea nitrogen being smaller than those of the non-treated rats. Conclusion: RIR injury has some roles in the development of tissue damages and probably functional disorders of the pancreas in rats. Furthermore, berberine has an ameliorative effect against organ injury induced by RIR in rat. 123 128 2019/01/142019/02/182019/01/92018/11/112018/11/192019/01/5 1397/10/15 2019/05/192019/05/142019/05/142019/04/232019/04/162019/05/14 1398/2/24 Firouzeh Gholampour Firouzeh Gholampour Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Iran gholampour@shirazu.ac.ir Sareh Mansouri Sareh Mansouri Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Iran sa.mansouri@ymail.com Renal ischemia/reperfusion Berberine Pancreas. Abogresha NM, Greish SM, Abdelaziz EZ, Khalil WF. Remote effect of kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury on pancreas: Role of oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis. Arch Med Sci. 2016; 12: 252-62.##Affuso F, Mercurio V, Fazio V, Fazio S. Cardiovascular and metabolic effects of berberine. World J Cardiol. 2010; 2: 71-7.##Arem R. Hypoglycemia associated with renal failure. 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Muscle insulin resistance in uremic humans: Glucose transport, glucose transporters, and insulin receptors. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 1991; 261: E87-94.##Gholampour F, Sadidi Z. Hepatorenal protection during renal ischemia by quercetin and remote ischemic perconditioning. J Surg Res. 2018; 231: 224-233.##Hassoun HT, Grigoryev DN, Lie ML, Liu M, Cheadle C, Tuder RM, et al. Ischemic acute kidney injury induces a distant organ functional and genomic response distinguishable from bilateral nephrectomy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2007; 293: F30-40.##Hussein AM, Abd-Elkhabir A, Abozahra A, Baiomy A, Ashamallah SA, Sheashaa HA, et al. Pancreatic injury secondary to renal ischemia/reperfusion (i/r) injury: Possible role of oxidative stress. Physiol Res. 2014; 63: 47-55.##Jacobs DB, Hayes GR, Truglia JA, Lockwood DH. Alterations of glucose transporter systems in insulin-resistant uremic rats. Am J Physiol. 1989; 257: E193-7.##Lemay S, Rabb H, Postler G, Singh AK. 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Hippokratia. 2008; 12: 22-7.##Schmidt C, Hocherl K, Bucher M. Regulation of renal glucose transporters during severe inflammation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2007; 292: F804-11.##Strenberg SS. Diagnostic surgical pathology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1996.##Van den Berghe G, Wilmer A, Hermans G, Meersseman W, Wouters PJ, Milants I, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in the medical icu. N Engl J Med. 2006; 354: 449–461.##van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, Verwaest C, Bruyninckx F, Schetz M, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2001; 345: 1359–1367.##Vriesendorp TM, van Santen S, DeVries JH, de Jonge E, Rosendaal FR, Schultz MJ, et al. Predisposing factors for hypoglycemia in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2006; 34: 96-101.##Yu W, Sheng M, Xu R, Yu J, Cui K, Tong J, et al. Berberine protects human renal proximal tubular cells from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury via inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial stress pathways. J Transl Med. 2013; 11: 24.##Zhou H, Mineshita S. The effect of berberine chloride on experimental colitis in rats in vivo and in vitro. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000; 294: 822-9.## ##

Protective effects of Petroselinum crispum on ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury in rats 2 2 Introduction: Petroselinum crispum (P. crispum) is an associate of Umbelliferae family that has several therapeutic attributes. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is one of the main challenges in acute kidney damage. This study was designed to assess the anti-inflammatory and protective effects of P. crispum extract against I/R-induced renal disorders. Methods: Forty male rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=8) namely normal control (saline) and I/R control group, and three groups of I/R intraperitoneally pretreated with various doses of P. crispum (100, 150 and 200mg/kg). The I/R-induced renal inflammation was evaluated by determining leukocyte infiltration and mRNA expression level of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and tumor necrotic factor-alpha. Antioxidant capacity of kidneys and thiobarbituric acid reactive species were measured in kidneys for the evaluation of oxidative stress. In addition, the diameters of renal glomeruli, kidney function indicators and serum nitrite oxide levels were respectively determined by morphometric analysis, autoanalyzer device and Griess technique. Results: The I/R increased all measured parameters except for the tissue ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) level, which was decreased compared to the normal control group. However, pretreatment with P. crispum extract in all doses significantly reduced blood urea nitrogen, kidney malondialdehyde, creatinine, glomerular diameter, leukocyte infiltration, levels of tumor necrotic factor-alpha, adhesion molecule-1 expression, and nitrite oxide as well as increased tissue FRAP compared to the I/R control group. Conclusion: It seems that P. crispum administration improves I/R-induced acute kidney injury. 129 139 2019/01/142019/02/182019/01/92018/11/112018/11/192019/01/52018/12/24 1397/10/3 2019/05/192019/05/142019/05/142019/04/232019/04/162019/05/142019/05/14 1398/2/24 Shiva Roshankhah Shiva Roshankhah Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Iran roshankhah@kums.ac.ir Cyrus Jalili Cyrus Jalili Medical Biology Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Iran cjalili@kums.ac.ir Mohammad Reza Salahshoor Mohammad Reza Salahshoor Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Iran mr.salahshour@kums.ac.ir Petroselinum crispum Injury Kidney. Ajamieh HH, Menéndez S, Martínez‐Sánchez G, Candelario‐Jalil E, Re L, Giuliani A, et al. Effects of ozone oxidative preconditioning on nitric oxide generation and cellular redox balance in a rat model of hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion. Liver Int 2004; 24: 55-62.##Alhasson F, Seth RK, Sarkar S, Kimono DA, Albadrani MS, Dattaroy D, et al. High circulatory leptin mediated NOX-2-peroxynitrite-miR21 axis activate mesangial cells and promotes renal inflammatory pathology in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Redox Biol 2018; 17: 1-15.##Al-Howiriny TA, Al-Sohaibani MO, El-Tahir KH, Rafatullah S. Preliminary evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and anti-hepatotoxic activities of'parsley'petroselinum crispum in rats. J Nat Med 2003; 3: 54-62.##Ali RM, Al-Shorbagy MY, Helmy MW, El-Abhar HS. Role of Wnt4/β-catenin, Ang II/TGFβ, ACE2, NF-κB, and IL-18 in attenuating renal ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury in rats treated with Vit D and pioglitazone. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 831: 68-76.##Ancuceanu R, Anghel AI, Hovanet MV, Dinu MI, Olaru OT, Dune AL, et al. Variation of iron contents polyphenols and flavonoids in petroselinum crispum (mill) fuss (apiaceae). Farmacia 2018; 66: 275-81.##Byrami G, Boskabady MH, Jalali S, Farkhondeh T. The effect of the extract of Crocus sativus on tracheal responsiveness and plasma levels of IL-4, IFN-γ, total NO and nitrite in ovalbumin sensitized guinea-pigs. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 147: 530-5.##Corrêa Filho LC, Martinazzo AP, de Souza Teodoro CE, Vivès L. Microbiological quality and essential oil of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) submitted to the hygienizing and drying process. Ind Crop Prod 2018; 114: 180-4.##Cosimi AB, Conti D, Delmonico FL, Preffer FI, Wee SL, Rothlein R, et al. In vivo effects of monoclonal antibody to ICAM-1 (CD54) in nonhuman primates with renal allografts. J Immunol 1990; 144: 4604-12.##Damabi NM, Moazedi AA, Seyyednejad SM. The role of α–and β–adrenergic receptors in the spasmolytic effects on rat ileum of Petroselinum crispum Latifolum (parsley). 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Regulation of survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of tumor cells through modulation of inflammatory pathways by nutraceuticals. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2010; 29: 405-34.##Haidari F, Keshavarz SA, Mohammad Shahi M, Mahboob SA, Rashidi MR. Effects of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and its flavonol constituents, kaempferol and quercetin, on serum uric acid levels, biomarkers of oxidative stress and liver xanthine oxidoreductase activity in oxonate-induced hyperuricemic rats. Iran J Pharm Res 2011; 10: 811-9.##Heidari T, Moazedi AA, Seyyednejad SM, Borojeni MP. The role of histaminergic H2 receptors on spasmolytic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) seeds in isolated rat’s ileum. J Nat Rem 2018; 17: 114-24.##Jalili C, Makalani F, Roshankhah S, Sohrabi K, Salahshoor MR. Protective effect of resveratrol against morphine damage to kidneys of mice. Int J Morphol 2017; 35: 1409-1415.##Jalili C, Salahshoor MR, Naderi T. The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of P. crispum on sperm parameters, testis tissue and serum nitric oxide levels in mice. Adv Biomed Res 2015; 4: 40.##Jassim AM. Protective effect of Petroselinum crispum (parsley) extract on histopathological changes in liver, kidney and pancreas induced by sodium valproate-in male rats. Kufa j vet Sci 2013; 4: 20-7.##Jia H, Aw W, Hanate M, Takahashi S, Saito K, Tanaka H, et al. Multi-faceted integrated omics analysis revealed parsley (Petroselinum crispum) as a novel dietary intervention in dextran sodium sulphate induced colitic mice. J Funct Foods 2014; 11: 438-48.##Jiang K, Tang H, Mishra PK, Macura SI, Lerman LO. Measurement of murine single‐kidney glomerular filtration rate using dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI. Magn Reson Med 2018; 79: 2935-43.##Kelly KJ, Williams WW Jr, Colvin RB, Meehan SM, Springer TA, Gutiérrez-Ramos JC, et al. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1-deficient mice are protected against ischemic renal injury. 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Ameliorative effects of aqueous cinnamon extract on ulcerative colitis in rats 2 2 Introduction: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of cinnamon extract on ulcerative colitis in rats. Methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: untreated control, positive control group (acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis), cinnamon extract treated group (150mg/kg/day) and treated group with prednisolone (4mg/kg/day). After 10 consecutive days, the rats were euthanized and examined for the production of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress indices in the intestinal tissue. Results: Data showed that both therapies could reduce the cumulative disease score. The results also indicated that treatment with cinnamon caused a more benefit in restoring the total antioxidant capacity of the colonic specimens of the colitis-induced rats compared to treatment with prednisolone. The levels of myeloperoxidase and nitric oxide were down-regulated in the colons of cinnamon treated rats more than prednisolone groups. Prednisolone significantly decreased the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 cytokines more than colitis rats treated with cinnamon extract. The levels of COX-2 were decreased and conversely, the total protein content of colonic homogenates was increased in the colons of both treatment groups in a non-significant manner, compared to untreated colitis rats. Conclusion: These results demonstrated cinnamon as herbal medicine is a promising strategy to improve the inflammation in a rat model of ulcerative colitis. It is logical to consider some of the beneficial effects of cinnamon extract associated with its direct antioxidant benefits, along with its direct anti-inflammatory benefits. 140 149 2019/01/142019/02/182019/01/92018/11/112018/11/192019/01/52018/12/242019/01/2 1397/10/12 2019/05/192019/05/142019/05/142019/04/232019/04/162019/05/142019/05/142019/04/2 1398/1/13 Mojtaba Salamatian Mojtaba Salamatian Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Iran mojtaba.salamatian@gmail.com Vahid Mohammadi Vahid Mohammadi Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Iran v.mohammadi@urmia.ac.ir Seyyed Meysam Abtahi Froushani Seyyed Meysam Abtahi Froushani Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Iran sm.abtahi@urmia.ac.ir Ulcerative colitis Cinnamon extract Inflammation Al-Rejaie SS, Abuohashish HM, Al-Enazi MM, Al-Assaf AH, Parmar MY, Ahmed MM. 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