Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
15
2
2011
8
1
Effect of lactation on the expression of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone in dorsomedial and paraventricular nuclei of the rat hypothalamus
164
172
EN
Hamed
Adavi
Graduate Student, Department of Animal Sciences
hamedadavi@gmail.com
N
Mohammad Reza
Jafarzadeh Shirazi
Department of Animal Sciences
mrjaafarzadeh@yahoo.com
N
Mohammad Javad
Zamiri
Department of Animal Sciences
zamiri@shirazu.ac.ir
N
Mohammad Reza
Namavar
Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center
namavarm@sums.ac.ir
N
Nader
Tanideh
Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center
nadertanideh@yahoo.com
N
Amin
Tamadon
Division of Animal Health Management
tamadon@shirazu.ac.ir
Y
Introduction: Gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is believed to be an inhibitor of gonadotropin releasing
hormone (GnRH) secretion. The role of GnIH in lactational inhibition of gonadotropin secretion is not well known
therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of lactation on expression of GnIH in these nuclei of
lactating and non-lactating rats.
Methods: Ten postpartum rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain were randomly allotted into two groups. The number
of pups was adjusted to five pups per suckling female, while the control non-lactating rats were separated from their
pups immediately upon parturition. The lactating rats were allowed to suckle their pups for eight days. The number of
GnIH neurons in the dorsomedial (DMH) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei was estimated using an
immunohistochemical method.
Results: The number of GnIH neurons in DMH (P=0.005) and PVN (P=0.001) of lactating rats were significantly
higher than those of the non-lactating rats. Moreover, fibers of GnIH neurons were observed in anteroventral
periventricular nucleus (AVPV) in lactating rats.
Conclusion: Lactation increased GnIH expression in DMH and PVN of the lactating rats, and thus may have a role
in inhibiting GnRH and subsequently LH secretion during the lactation period.
Gonadotropin inhibitory hormone, Lactation, Dorsomedial nucleus, Paraventricular nucleus, Rat
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-716-en.html
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-716-en.pdf
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
15
2
2011
8
1
Dynamic age-related changes of extracellular field potential of isolated AV-node of rabbit
173
181
EN
Vahid
Khori
Golestan cardiovascular research center
vaph99@yahoo.com
N
Alimohammad
Alizadeh
tehran university of medical Science
alizadeh@yahoo.com
N
Mahsa
Niknam
Golestan cardiovascular research center
niknam@yahoo.com
N
Hamid Reza
Moheimani
Golestan cardiovascular research center
N
Hamid
Yazdi
Golestan cardiovascular research center
yazdi@yahoo.com
N
Mona
Pourabouk
Golestan cardiovascular research center
abook_8181@yahoo.com
N
Fakhri
Badaghabadi
Golestan cardiovascular research center
nazari_2005@yahoo.com
N
Shima
Changizi
Golestan cardiovascular research center
changizi@yahoo.com
N
Mryam
Rajaei
Golestan cardiovascular research center
rajaei@yahoo.com
N
Mohsen
Nayebpour
tehran university of medical Science
vaph99@yahoo.com
Y
Introduction: Developmental changes in atrioventricular nodal conduction time and refractoriness have been shown
in several studies. Prevalence of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is clearly age-dependent. The
purpose of this study was to determine developmental changes of basic and frequency-dependent electrophysiological
properties of the atrioventricular node (AV-node) in neonatal and adult rabbits.
Methods: In this study, the effects of increasing age on the basic and rate-dependent properties of isolated perfused
AV-node were analyzed in neonatal (2-week-old) and adult (12-week-old) New Zealand rabbits. Specific stimulation
protocols of recovery, facilitation and fatigue were separately applied in each group (n=7). Unipolar extracellular field
potential was recorded by a silver electrode (100 M).
Results: The results showed that the basic nodal properties (ERP, FRP, WBCL and AHmax) were significantly
shorter in neonates compared to the adult group. The magnitude of fatigue was also decreased in the neonatal group
compared to control (18.9 ±3.3 vs. 11.1 ± 1.2 msec). Time constant of recovery of the adult group was significantly
higher than the neonatal group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that nodal basic and frequency-dependent properties are age-related
and different developmental changes of slow and fast pathways are responsible for this behavior and may reveal the
grater susceptibility of AVNRT in young adults compared to infants.
Age, AV node, frequency-dependent properties, electrophysiology, recovery
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-652-en.html
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-652-en.pdf
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
15
2
2011
8
1
Effect of methimazole-induced hypothyroidism on serum levels of LH and testosterone and weights of testes and thyroid gland in rat
182
189
EN
Esmaeil
Mohamadizadeh
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Razi, Kermanshah, Iran
esmaeil.mohamadizadeh@gmail.com
N
Namdar
Yousofvand
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Razi, Kermanshah, Iran
yousofnam@yahoo.com
Y
Maryam
Kazemi
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Razi, Kermanshah, Iran
kazemi.m209@gmail.c
N
Introduction: Thyroid hormones play an important role in the regulation of metabolism, maturity and reproduction.
Thyroid dysfunction affects almost all endocrine glands such as pituitary and testis. The aim of this study was to
investigate alterations of testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) serum levels as well as weights of thyroid gland
and testes in methimazole (MMI)-induced hypothyroidism.
Methods: Twenty-one adult male rats weighing 185 g were divided into 3 groups. The control group received
drinking water, while treated groups received two doses of methimazole low dose (20 mg/dl in drinking water) and
high dose (100 mg/dl in drinking water), for 42 days. At the end of the experiments, rats were anesthetized and
sacrificed and serum samples were obtained. Serum levels of hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay. Weights
of testes and thyroid gland were determined after sacrifice.
Results: Results showed that the use of methimazole decreased serum levels of T4, T3, testosterone and LH as well
as the weight of testes, while it increased the weight of thyroid gland compared to control group. These effects were
more clear in the high dose group.
Conclusion: This study suggests that MMI–induced hypothyroidism causes a significant decrease in serum levels of
thyroid hormones, testosterone and LH. Hypothyroidism also decreases the weight of testes, while it increases the
weight of thyroid in rat. These effects were dose-dependent.
Hypothyroidism, Methimazole, Testosterone, LH, Rat
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-687-en.html
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-687-en.pdf
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
15
2
2011
8
1
Exposure to Predator Stress in Gestational Period Potentiates Pilocarpine induced Epileptic Behaviors in offspring of rat
190
200
EN
Ehsan
Saboory
Urmia University of medical sciences
saboory@umsu.ac.ir
Y
Shiva
Roshan-Milani
Urmia University of medical sciences
shiva_muk@yahoo.com
N
Ramin
Ahmadzadeh
Payame Noor University of Isfahan
raminahmadzadeh@yahoo.com
N
Ali Asghar
Pilehvarian
Payame Noor University of Isfahan
ehsaan48@hotmail.com
N
Introduction: Gestational stress can lead to cerebral functional disorders, such as epilepsy, probably due to the
disturbance in the cerebral maturation and causing abnormal neuronal correlations. In the present study, effect of
gestational Predator Stress on the neonatal epileptic behaviors was investigated in rats.
Methods: Female rats (200 ± 20 g) were divided into two groups intact pregnant rats (control group) and stressed
pregnant rats (stressed group). In the stressed group, on gestational days 15, 16, and 17, caged rats were exposed to the
cage of a cat for 2 h, once a day. On postnatal day 25, pilocarpine (150 mg/kg s.c.) was injected to pups of both groups,
to induce seizure. Then, epileptic behaviors of each pup was observed and recorded.
Results: Mean duration of onset of the first neonatal epileptic behavior of the control group was 5.35 ± 0.57 minutes
which was decreased to 3.18±0.24 minutes in the stress group. The mean duration of tonic-clonic attacks was
significantly increased from 0.53 ±0.1 minute in the control group to 16±3.8 minutes in the stressed group. Moreover,
mortality rates during attacks and the level of corticosterone hormone in both mothers and pups showed a significant
increase in the stressed group in comparison to the control.
Conclusion: Gestational stress can enhance epileptic behaviors in the offspring of rats. Further investigation is
required to clarify the underlying mechanism.
words: Predator Stress, Seizure, Pilocarpine, Prenatal, Rat
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-674-en.html
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-674-en.pdf
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
15
2
2011
8
1
Coexpression of gonadotropin inhibitory hormone with Agouti-related peptide in the neurons of arcuate nucleus of ewe hypothalamus
201
209
EN
Mohammad Reza
Jafarzadeh Shirazi
Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
mrjaafarzadeh@yahoo.com
N
Amin
Tamadon
Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences & Department of Animal Health Management, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
tamadon@shirazu.ac.ir
N
Mohammad Reza
Namavar
Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine & Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
namavarm@sums.ac.ir
Y
Introduction: Gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH) and Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) are orexigenic peptides
expressed in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) of the hypothalamus in the ewe. In addition, effects of GnIH and AgRP on the
regulation of gonadotropin releasing hormone secretion have been shown in some mammals. The objective of the
present study was to investigate the coexpression of GnIH and AgRP in Arc of the ewe hypothalamus.
Methods: Nine ewes were divided into follicular, luteal, and ovariectomised groups (n = 3 each group) and the
number of neurons that express GnIH and AgRP and the percentage of coexpression of these two peptides in the Arc of
each group was estimated by using immunohistochemistry.
Results: In different ovarian conditions of ewes, 19 to 32 percent of GnIH and AgRP neurons were coexpressed in
the Arc of the hypothalamus.
Conclusion: Results of the present study showed a possible cooperative role of AgRP and GnIH in the Arc of the
hypothalamus in regulation of ovarian function in ewe.
Gonadotropin inhibitory hormone, Agouti-related peptide, Arcuate nucleus, Ewe
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-691-en.html
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-691-en.pdf
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
15
2
2011
8
1
Interaction of colchicine with nitric oxide in CA1 on the expression of drug seeking behavior induced by morphine
210
220
EN
Soheila porkhodadad
Pourkhodadad
s.porkhodadad@yahoo.com
N
Manizheh karami
Karami
KARAMI@SHAHED.ac.ir
Y
Mohammad Reza
Jalali Nadoushan
N
Introduction: According to previous studies, colchicine causes neuronal destruction and learning depression. In this
project, effects of colchicine injection into the CA1 and interaction between colchicine and nitric oxide (NO) in this
area on the expression of drug-seeking behavior were investigated.
Methods: Wistar rats (250-300 g) were bilaterally cannulated at the CA1 area. Colchicine (2-8 μg/rat) was
bilaterally administered after the placement of the cannulas and the treated animals were then allowed to recover for
about 1 week before behavioral measurements began. Place conditioning was induced by morphine (2.5-5 mg/kg/day,
s.c.) and conducted using a five-day schedule of an unbiased task including familiarization, conditioning and testing.
NO agents were injected into the CA1 on the day of the testing and the data were analyzed by ANOVA after reviewing
the data recorded by Ethovision.
Results: Colchicine significantly reduced the drug-seeking behaviors but morphine caused an increase in these
behaviors of colchicine treated rats. NO agents did not show any significant effect except for the compartment entering.
Conclusion: Colchicine may decrease the CA1 neural cell population but morphine increases the signs through a
mechanism, which is probably dopamine dependent. The NO agents may produce the effects by dopamine due to
induction of morphine.
Colchicine, Hippocampal CA1, Morphine, Drug-seeking behavior, Nitric Oxide
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-689-en.html
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-689-en.pdf
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
15
2
2011
8
1
Microinjection of orexin-A into the locus coeruleus area induces morphine withdrawal-like behaviors in morphine dependent rats
221
228
EN
Hossein
Azizi
Tarbiat Modares University
azizihf@yahoo.com
N
Saeed
Semnanian
Tarbiat Modares University
ssemnan@modares.ac.ir
Y
Seyed Javad
Mirnajafizadeh
Tarbiat Modares University
mirnajaf@modares.ac.ir
N
Introduction: It has been shown that orexin peptides have a role in opioid withdrawal behaviors. Orexin-expressing
neurons that are present in the hypothalamic nuclei send dense projections to the Locus Coeruleus (LC). Withdrawal
syndrome is temporally associated with hyperactivity of LC neurons. However, LC neurons do not show withdrawalinduced
hyperactivity in the brain slices from morphine-dependent rats. Thus, it has been suggested that the increase in
LC neuronal activity seen in vivo is mediated by extrinsic factors. Therefore, this study was carried out to find whether
LC microinjection of orexin-A can induce withdrawal behaviors.
Methods: Adult male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 grams were rendered morphine dependent by subcutaneous
injection of morphine sulfate (10 mg/kg) at an interval of 12 h for 9 days. On day 10, intra-LC microinjection of orexin-
A (100 μM, 200 nl) was performed two hours after morphine administration. Thereafter, somatic signs of withdrawal
were evaluated in a Plexiglas chamber (30 cm diameter, 50 cm height) during a period of 25 min.
Results: Orexin-A induced several signs of morphine withdrawal including chewing, scratching, rearing, teeth
chattering, wet-dog shake and paw tremor. Acute LC microinjection of an orexin type 1 receptor antagonist, SB-
334867-A, prior to orexin-A prevents the expression of these signs.
Conclusion: It may be concluded that orexin, via orexin type 1 receptor at LC acts as an extrinsic factor in the
expression of morphine withdrawal syndrome.
Orexin-A, SB-334867, Morphine withdrawal, Locus coeruleus
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-700-en.html
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-700-en.pdf
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
15
2
2011
8
1
Reaction of subventricular zone stem cells to the induction of experimental autoimmue encephalomyelitis in mouse
229
240
EN
Shiva
Khezri
Department of Physiology,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares university, Tehran, Iran
skhezri72@gmail.com
N
Mohammad
Javan
Department of Physiology,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares university, Tehran, Iran
mjavan@modares.ac.ir
Y
Hossein
Baharvand
Department of Stem Cell Biology, Royan Institute, Tehran, Iran
N
Saeed
Semnanian
Department of Physiology,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares university, Tehran, Iran
N
Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease. In the present study, we
investigated the response of subventricular zone (SVZ) adult stem cells in the experimental autoimmune
encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS, and also the differentiation fate of these stem cells.
Methods: Mice were immunized with MOG peptide emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and pertussis
toxin (PT). Control mice received CFA and PT. To study SVZ stem cells migration, mice received seven i.p. injections
of BrdU at 2-h intervals on the day before EAE induction. Demyelination was studied using specific staining with luxol
fast blue. The number of BrdU+ cells in SVZ and olfactory bulb (OB) was counted using immunohistochemical
staining. To understand the fate of the stem cells, NG2 marker was used to detect oligodendrocyte precursors.
Results: Lumbar spinal cord of EAE animals showed significant demyelination and the volume of demyelinated
areas was increased on days 14 to 21 post lesion. In the EAE group, more Brdu+ cells were observed in the OB
compared to the SVZ. The number of Brdu+/NG2
+ cells in OB was significantly increased after EAE induction.
Conclusion: The demyelinating context of EAE promotes the migration of SVZ stem cells to the OB. These cells
mostly differentiate to oligodendrocyte precursors and may contribute to myelin repair.
Cell migration, subventricular zone, Stem cells, Experimental autoimmue encephalomyelitis model, Mouse
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-699-en.html
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-699-en.pdf
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
15
2
2011
8
1
Acute effect of burn trauma to small skin areas on myocardial ischemia reperfusion
241
248
EN
Shahnaz
Shekarforush
sh.shekar@yahoo.com
Y
Ali
Noroozzadeh
N
Fatemeh
Safari
fa.cardio@gmail.com
N
Leila
Golmanesh
N
Ali
Khoshbaten
khoshbaten@yahoo.com
N
Introduction: It has been reported that traumas such as transverse abdominal incision before myocardial ischemia
result in a significantly decreased infarct size. This phenomenon is named remote preconditioning of trauma. Since
small skin burn is one of most common traumas, the effect of this injury on ischemia-induced arrhythmias and infarct
size was investigated in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups. In burn and sham groups, less than
1% of total body surface area of the dorsal skin was exposed to 100 ˚C and 37 ˚C water, respectively. In ischemic
preconditioning group, rats were exposed to one cycle of ischemia (5 min) and reperfusion (10 min). Ischemiareperfusion
injury was induced with occlusion and release of left coronary artery for 30 and 120 min, respectively.
Infarct size was measured using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining and arrhythmias were assessed in accordance
with Lambeth conventions.
Results: Infarct size was significantly reduced in ischemic preconditioning group compared with the sham group
(27 ± 2% vs. 50 ± 5% P < 0.01). Infarct size in the burn group was not significantly reduced. Irreversible ventricular
fibrillation was 50% of all ventricular fibrillation in the burn group, while it was 25% in the sham group, however, this
difference was not significant.
Conclusion: Acute minor coetaneous burn has neither protective nor harmful for the rat myocardial ischemiareperfusion
injury.
Burn, Ischemia, Infarct size, Arrhythmia
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-705-en.html
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-705-en.pdf
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
15
2
2011
8
1
Protective role of cyclosporine on the model simulated the rotational nodal arrhythmia (AVNRT) by using extracellular field potential recordings of isolated atrioventricular-node of rabbit
249
259
EN
Vahid
Khori
Golestan Cardiovascular Research Senter
vaph99@yahoo.com
N
Sepideh
Shariatnejad
Golestan Cardiovascular Research Senter
shariat@yahoo.com
N
Alimohammad
Alizadeh
Cancer research center, tehran university of medical scinces.tehran,iran.
alizadeh@yahoo.com
N
Hamidreza
Yazdi
Golestan Cardiovascular Research Senter
yazdi@yahoo.com
N
Mona
Pourabouk
Golestan Cardiovascular Research Senter
abook_8181@yahoo.com
N
Fakhri
Badaghabadi
Golestan Cardiovascular Research Senter
nazari_2005@yahoo.com
N
Hamid Reza
Moheimani
N
Shima
Changizi
Golestan Cardiovascular Research Senter
changizi@yahoo.com
N
Maryam
Rajee
Golestan Cardiovascular Research Senter
rajae@yahoo.com
N
Mohsen
Nayebpour
tehran university of medical scinces.tehran,iran.
vaph99@yahoo.com
Y
Introduction: Recent studies have shown acute cardioprotective effects of cyclosporine. The aim of the present
study was to determine the protective role of cyclosporine on the model simulated the rotational nodal arrhythmia
(AVNRT) by using extracellular field potential recordings of isolated atrioventricular-node (AV-node) of rabbit.
Methods: This study was performed on isolated double-perfused AV-node of male New Zealand rabbits (1.5-2.5
kg) in one group (n=7). Basic and rate-dependent stimulation protocols (recovery, facilitation, fatigue) and arrhythmia
threshold (index of refractoriness) and % Gap incidence were measured for assessment of electrophysiological
properties of the AV- node. All stimulation protocols were repeated in control step and in the presence of various
cumulative concentrations of cyclosporine (0.5 - 10 μm).
Results: Cyclosporine prolonged the effective refractory period from 114.3±7.9 to 142±7.3 msec at the
concentration of 10 μm. It also prolonged the functional refractory period from 162±3.3 to 178.6±5 msec and increased
the time of Wenckebach at the concentrations of 5 - 10 μM. Various concentrations of cyclosporine increased fatigue
and reached a significant level at 10 μm. Gap incidence was 82%, 16.6% and 20% in the control and treatments with
0.5 and 10 μm of cyclosporine, respectively.
Conclusion: Block of MPTP by cyclosporine caused inhibition of basic and rate-dependent properties of
atrioventricular node. Cyclosporine, by raising the threshold of arrhythmia, could be possibly considered as an anti-
AVNRT drug.
Atrio-ventricular node, Cyclosporine, Supraventricular Arrhythmia
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-703-en.html
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-703-en.pdf
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
15
2
2011
8
1
Norharman exacerbates 6-hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinson’s disease but cannot establish it alone
260
267
EN
Hashem
Haghdoost-Yazdi
Qazvin University of Medical Sciences
hhaghdoost@yahoo.com
Y
Mohadeseh
Movahedi
Qazvin University of Medical Sciences
movahedimohadese@yahoo.com
N
Ayda
Faraji
Qazvin University of Medical Sciences
FarajiA@yahoo.com
N
Mohamad
Sophiabadi
Qazvin University of Medical Sciences
mohasofi@yahoo.com
N
Introduction: β-carbolines (BCs) are heterocyclic indole alkaloids found in human body, grilled meat, alcoholic
beverages and tobacco smoke. Based on the present reports, there are controversies about the role of these compounds
in the pathophysiology of Parkinson' disease (PD). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of norharman, a
BC, in the prevention, exacerbation or creation of PD in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model.
Methods: In the first part of this study, PD was established in rats by stereotaxic injection of 6-OHDA into the
striatum. At the 2nd and 4th weeks post-surgery, apomorphine-induced rotational test was performed. Just before the
surgery to the 4th week, after that rats received i.p. daily injections of norharman or its solvent at different doses. In the
second part of the study, other groups of rats received daily intraperitoneal injections of norharman at different doses
without prior injections of 6-OHDA. Fifteen and 30 days after the beginning of the injections, apomorphine-induced
rotational and elevated body swing tests were performed.
Results: In the 6-OHDA-induced Parkinsonism rats, daily injection of norharman at doses of 200 and 1000, but not
100 μg/kg, significantly increased apomorphine-induced rotations compared to the control group at the 4th week postsurgery.
In the intact rats, daily injection of norharman at doses of 200, 500 and 1000 μg/kg could not produce any PD
symptoms in the apomorphine-induced rotational and elevated body swing tests.
Conclusion: Longtime exposure to BCs can exacerbate PD but it cannot create the disease.
Parkinson’s disease, Norharman, 6-OHDA, Elevated body swing test, Rat
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-706-en.html
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-706-en.pdf
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
15
2
2011
8
1
Effect of sesame oil consumption on the passive avoidance memory of rat offspring during pregnancy
268
276
EN
Neda
Asliranifam
Shahid Chamran university
najafzadehvarzi@yahoo.com
N
Hossein
Najafzadeh
Shahid Chamran university
najafzadeh@scu.ac.ir
Y
Ahmad Ali
Papahn
Shahid Chamran university
alipapahn@yahoo.com
N
Ahmad Ali
Moazedi
Shahid Chamran university
moazedi_a@yahoo.com
N
Mahdi
Pourmahdi
Shahid Chamran university
pourmehdim@yahoo.com
N
Introduction: Previous studies have shown that sesame oil affects memory and learning. In the present work, effect
of a diet containing 10% sesame oil used during pregnancy was evaluated on short-term passive avoidance learning of
offspring rats by Shuttle box.
Methods: Female Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups (n = 9 each group). Control group consumed regular diet
during pregnancy and the treatment group received a diet containing 10% sesame oil. Male and female offspring were
examined on the 30th day of their ages.
Results: Passive avoidance learning of offsprings that their mother received sesame oil during pregnancy was
significantly increased in comparison to the control group.
Conclusion: The results show that consumption of a diet containing 10% sesamin oil during pregnancy significantly
increases short -term passive avoidance learning of offspring.
sesamin oil, memory and learning, pregnancy, offsprings of rats
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-666-en.html
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-666-en.pdf
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
15
2
2011
8
1
The role of left and right Locus Coeruleus in formalin test in rats
277
287
EN
Javad
Sajedianfard
asociate professor
sajedian@shirazu.ac.ir
Y
Zahra
Nazarian
Practitioner
N
Introduction: Pain as a complex process in the CNS has been extensively studied by many researchers. It has been
found that pain is controlled by certain pathways in the CNS, one of most important of which is the descending
noradrenergic system. The pathway begins with Locus Coeruleus (LC) nucleus and ends in the spinal cord. In this
study, formalin test was used as a chemical and tonic pain test to determine the role of LC in modulating pain in this
pathway.
Methods: 30 Sprague-Dawley rats with mean±SD weight of 280±30 g were divided into 6 groups (3 test and 3
control groups). In the test groups, 0.5 μL lidocaine was injected in the left LC (group 1), right LC (group 2) or both LC
(group 3) to make local anesthesia. Half μL of normal saline was injected to controls (groups 4–6). After 15 min of
injection, 50 μL of 2.5% of formalin was injected SQ to the left hind paw of rats and the level of nociception was
recorded every 15 sec for one hour.
Results: The induction of unilateral pain (right hind paw) in rats, can affect not only the contralateral but also the
ipsilateral LC nucleus.
Conclusion: The left and right LC nuclei have significant role on unidirectional nociception in formalin test in rats.
The ipsilateral LC, however, has a minor effect on nociception.
Pain, Formalin test, Locus Coeruleus, laterality, rat
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-707-en.html
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-707-en.pdf
Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiology and Pharmacology
24765236
24765244
15
2
2011
8
1
Effects of regular swimming exercise on the pain threshold following withdrawal syndrome in morphine-dependent rats
288
294
EN
Farzana
Yadegari
Bu Ali Sina university
N
Ali
Heidarianpour
Bu Ali Sina university
heidarian317@gmail.com
Y
Farzad
Nazem
Bu Ali Sina university
N
N
Introduction: Nowadays Opioids are gaining acceptance for the management of moderate to severe and chronic
pain. In addition, a number of studies have shown that plasma levels of β-endorphin (βEP) in exercise trained are higher
than sedentary rats. In our study we assume that exercise training can reduce pain after withdrawal syndrome in
morphine-dependent rats.
Methods: Male Wistar rats (250±20 g, N=24) were addicted by morphine sulfate 0.4mg/ml (for 21 days) and
animals were submitted to swimming training, five days a week for 8 weeks, in which First 60 minutes for 3 weeks and
then 90 minutes in two weeks and at the end 120 min for 3weeks. At the end of each stage of exercise protocol naloxan
hydrochloride (3mg/kg.ip) was injected. Tail-flick was used to assess the effect of training on nociceptive threshold.
Results: Data showed that swimming aerobic exercise significantly increased pain threshold in trained control and
addicted rats (p<0.05) while pain responses did not significantly change in sedentary control and addicted rats.
Conclusion: Our results indicate that swimming training has analgesic property in morphine withdrawal-induced
hyperalgesia in rats. Therefore, it can be used for the treatment and/or management of painful conditions.
Addiction, morphine sulfate, naloxan hydrochloride, nociceptive threshold, swimming training
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-710-en.html
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-710-en.pdf