2024-03-29T17:09:38+03:30 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?mag_id=59&slc_lang=en&sid=1
59-1015 2024-03-29 10.1002
Physiology and Pharmacology Physiol Pharmacol 24765236 24765244 10.61186/phypha 2014 18 3 Effect of Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist WIN55, 212-2 on the Anxiety Induced by PTSD in Male Rats Malihe Ghasemi ghasemi.malih@gmail.com Kataneh Abrari abrari@du.ac.ir Iran Goudarzi irangoudarzi@du.ac.ir Ali Rashidy-pour arashidy_pour44@yahoo.com Mahmoud elahdadi salmani elahdadi@du.ac.ir Introduction: Posttraumatic stress disorder is a severe anxiety disorder caused by exposure to traumatic events. The aim of this study was to induce PTSD in rats and examine the effect of WIN55-212-2, a cannabinoid receptor agonist, on anxiety. Methods: SPS;S model was used to induce PTSD in 56 male Wistar rats. Rats were restrained for 2 h, immediately followed by forced swimming for 20 min. After 15 min of recuperation, animals were exposed to diethyl ether until they lost consciousness. Thirty min later, rats received an electric foot shock in a shock chamber. Rats which were in the shock group, without experiencing SPS, only received an electrical foot shock. Animals received IP injections of WIN (two doses) or vehicle, before tests, in 3 continuous days. For PTSD induction, conditioned fear response was measured. Anxiety-like behavior was examined twice with elevated plus-maze. Results: PTSD induction with SPS;S significantly decreased open arm time (OAT) and open arm entry (OAE) parameter, as compared to the control. WIN (0.25 mg/kg) significantly increased OAT as compared with the control. Conclusion: WIN (0.25 mg/kg) decreased the anxiety like behavior induced by PTSD, so it seems to have antianxiety effect. Cannabinoid receptors Post-traumatic stress disorder anxiety WIN55-212-2 2014 10 01 259 270 http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-1015-en.pdf
59-982 2024-03-29 10.1002
Physiology and Pharmacology Physiol Pharmacol 24765236 24765244 10.61186/phypha 2014 18 3 Effects of Hyperthyroidism on the Serum Levels of Vanadium and Manganese trace Elements in Rats Namdar yousofvand yousofnam@yahoo.com Fatemah Abbasitabar Zahra Salimi zahra.salimi.bio@gmail.com Introduction: Trace elements are important for the normal function of thyroid and prevention of its diseases. Normal activities of thyroid including the synthesis of thyroid hormones and regulation of metabolism are dependent on the presence of trace elements. On the other hand, thyroid hormones may also affect the trace element levels. In this study, we investigated the effects of induced hyperthyroidism by two different doses of levothyroxine on serum levels of manganese and vanadium. Methods: The study was performed on 24 male Wistar rats that were divided into 3 groups: Control group received drinking water. The treated groups received either a low dose (4 mg per liter) or a high dose of levothyroxine (12 mg per liter) in their drinking water for 35 days. At the end of the experiments, the animals were sacrificed under deep anesthesia and blood samples were obtained. Serum levels of hormones (T3 andT4) were measured by RIA1.The concentration of the trace elements manganese and vanadium in the serum was determined with IPC-OES2. Results: Serum levels of T3,T4, manganese and vanadium, were significantly higher in hyperthyroidism groups that received either high or low doses of drug compared with control (P<0.001). These increases were significantly dependent on the dose of levothyroxine. Conclusion: Our data suggest that hyperthyroidism induced by levothyroxine can increase serum levels of manganese and vanadium. These changes were dependent on the dose of levothyroxine. hyperthyroidism levothyroxine manganese vanadium rats 2014 10 01 271 280 http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-982-en.pdf
59-1029 2024-03-29 10.1002
Physiology and Pharmacology Physiol Pharmacol 24765236 24765244 10.61186/phypha 2014 18 3 Neuroprotective effect of minocycline on PTZ-induced epileptiform activity and alterations of the shape of action potentials in snail neurons assessed by using intracellular recordings Mahtab Bahrami m.bahrami9091@yahoo.com Zahra Ghasemi ghasemi.z1985@gmail.com Mahyar Janahmadi mjanahmadi@yahoo.com Introduction: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that affects 1-2% of the world population and about 30% of patients are resistant to antiepileptic drug therapy. Therefore, new treatment alternatives are needed. In the present study, the possible neuroprotective effect of minocycline against epileptiform activity induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) was assessed. Methods: Conventional intracellular recordings were taken from F1 cells of Helix aspersa, under the current clamp condition. Following extracellular application of minocycline alone (300 and 600 μM) or in combination with PTZ (25 mM), alterations in the firing pattern and action potential wave forms were studied and compared to the control group and the group treated with PTZ alone. Results: In the presence of PTZ alone (25mM), neurons displayed paroxysmal depolarization shift (PDS)-like events and produced burst activity. When PTZ was applied following minocycline pretreatment, it did not produce burst activity, and even reduced the firing frequency. In addition, pre-exposure to minocycline prevented almost some of the changes in the AP shape induced by PTZ treatment. Conclusion: The findings indicated that minocycline may be able to exert preventive effects against induction of epileptiform activity and could be possibly considered as a new treatment option for epilepsy. Minocycline Epileptiform activity Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) Snail neurons Intracellular recording 2014 10 01 281 291 http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-1029-en.pdf
59-1016 2024-03-29 10.1002
Physiology and Pharmacology Physiol Pharmacol 24765236 24765244 10.61186/phypha 2014 18 3 Cytoplasmic acidification reduces potassium channel activities in the endoplasmic reticulum of rat hepatocytes Naser Khodaee naskod45@yahoo.com Maedeh Ghasemi ghasemi.m.ph@gmail Fahanik-Babaei Javad Reza Saghiri saghiri@pasture.ac.ir Afsaneh Eliasi af.eliassi@sbmu.ac.ir Introduction: Intracellular pH (pHi) regulates essentially all aspects of cellular activities. However, it is unknown how endoplasmic reticulum (ER) potassium channels sense pHi. In this study, we investigate the direct effects of pHi on ER potassium channels. Methods: We used channel incorporation into the bilayer lipid membrane method. L-α-phosphatidylcholine, a membrane lipid, was extracted from fresh egg yolk. Bilayer lipid membrane was formed in a 150 μm diameter hole. Rough endoplasmic reticulum vesicles were obtained from the liver after homogenization and several centrifugations. All single channel recordings were filtered at 1 kHz and stored at a sampling rate of 10 kHz for offline analysis by PClamp10. The purity of cell fractions was confirmed by western blot using specific markers of mitochondria, plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi. The pH was measured with a pH meter (0.001 unit accuracy). Statistical analysis was performed based on Markov noise free single channel analysis. Results: Western blotting and antibodies directed against various cellular proteins revealed that ER fractions did not contain specific proteins of the other subcellular compartments. Single channel recordings revealed a 596 pS K+ channel, which was inhibited by 2.5 mM ATP, 100 μM glibenclamide and 400 μM tolbutamide. No effect of increasing pHi to 8.2 was found but decreasing pHi to below about 6.7 produced a marked inhibition of channel activity, with complete block being observed at pHi 6.2. Conclusion: Our results indicate that intracellular acidification inhibits ER K+ channel activities. The direct regulation of ER K+ channels by pHi has important implications for ER homeostasis. Cytoplasmic pH KATP channel bilayer lipid membrane endoplasmic reticulum hepatocyte 2014 10 01 292 303 http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-1016-en.pdf
59-1012 2024-03-29 10.1002
Physiology and Pharmacology Physiol Pharmacol 24765236 24765244 10.61186/phypha 2014 18 3 A molecular study on the endoplasmic reticulum potassium channels in hepatocytes Maedeh Ghasemi ghasemi.m.ph@gmail.com Naser Khodaee ataloo naskod45 Fariba Khodagholi khodagholi@sbmu.ac.ir Afsaneh Eliassi af.eliassi@sbmu.ac.ir Introduction: It has recently been suggested that the KATP channel subunits Kir6.x and BKCa channels exist in the endoplasmic reticulum of cardiomyocytes and neurons. Our previous studies showed the electrophysiological behavior of cation channels in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) of rat hepatocytes. Therefore, we hypothesized that KATP channels and Ca2+-activated potassium channels may exist in RER of the liver. Methods: Ion channel incorporation of RER of hepatocytes into the bilayer lipid membrane and western blotting allowed the identification of the rerKATP and Ca2+-activated potassium channels of intermediate conductance (rerIKCa channel). Results: Single channel recordings revealed a 211 pS K channel, which was sensitive to 200 nM charibdotoxin. In addition, adding 2.5 mM ATP, 100 μM glibenclamide and 400 μM tolbutamide inhibited a 596 pS potassium channel activity. According to the results of western blot analysis, Kir6.2, SUR1 and/or SUR2B, SUR2A and IKCa were expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum fractions. Conclusion: The data obtained in this study demonstrate, in part, the composition of rerKATP channel and the presence of rerIKCa in the endoplasmic reticulum of the liver. These results will be useful for further analysis of the composition of rerKATP and rerIKCa channels and help to understand the role of these channels in diseases. endoplasmic reticulum KATP channel IKCa channel hepatocyte 2014 10 01 304 314 http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-1012-en.pdf
59-1021 2024-03-29 10.1002
Physiology and Pharmacology Physiol Pharmacol 24765236 24765244 10.61186/phypha 2014 18 3 Effects of remote limb ischemic preconditioning on pulmonary function tests and maximal oxygen uptake Zahra Akbari dr.zaakbari@gmail.com Zahra Sedaghat sedaghat.biology@yahoo.com Mansour Esmaili-Dehaj med1354@yahoo.com Esmat Karamean esmatkarameam@yahoo.com Narjes Zarei Abbas Keshavarzi keshavarzi2020@gmail.com Khalil Pourkhalili kh_pourkhalili@yahoo.com Introduction: Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) protects skeletal muscles from ischemia-reperfusion injury and improves physical exercise performance. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether application of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) of upper limbs would affect the pulmonary function tests and the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). Methods: Twenty healthy trained and untrained subjects were examined under 2 experimental conditions of control and RIPC groups. All individuals attended the laboratory twice, once as the control group and the next time as the RIPC group in a counterbalanced order. These visits were at least 1 week apart and were taken place at the same time of the day. RIPC was induced using a protocol of three cycles of 5 min ischemia/5 min reperfusion in both arms. Pulmonary function tests and oxygen saturation (SPO2) were measured before and after the RIPC protocol. VO2max was estimated by the Queen Step Test. Results: Analysis of data revealed that RIPC increased FEV1, FEF25-75 and MVV tests in the untrained group, while it increased FVC, FEV1, FEF25-75 and MVV tests in the trained group. Preconditioning also increased VO2max and the maximal heart rate in trained subjects. Conclusion: These results show that pre-exercise induction of limb ischemic preconditioning improves pulmonary function tests and VO2max especially in trained subjects. Thus, this technique may be appropriate for the enhancement of exercise performance in athletes during competitions and also for improving the respiratory function in different pulmonary diseases in the near future. Ischemic preconditioning VO2max Pulmonary function tests 2014 10 01 315 326 http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-1021-en.pdf
59-973 2024-03-29 10.1002
Physiology and Pharmacology Physiol Pharmacol 24765236 24765244 10.61186/phypha 2014 18 3 Effect of intrahippocampal L-NAME injection on passive avoidance memory in adult male rats exposed to restraint stress Zahra Moaiedfard zmoayedfard@yahoo.com Hooman Eshagh Harooni harooni@scu.ac.ir Ahmad Ali Moazedi moazedi_a@yahoo.cpm Gholam Ali Parham parham@scu.ac.ir Somaye Niknejad nedalavadar@yahoo.com Introduction: Nitric oxide is an important messenger in hippocampal region which is affected in learning and memory processes and hippocampal responses to stress. In this study, we investigated the effect of L-NAME on passive avoidance memory in adult male rats exposed to restraint-stress. Methods: For this purpose, male Wistar rats were bilaterally implanted with cannulas aimed at the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Thirty min after intrahippocampl injections of saline (alone) or L-NAME (20, 40 and 80μg/0.5μl/side) animals were immobilized in restrainer for 2 h/day for 7 days (7 days after surgery), and then were tested for step-through latency and the time-spent in dark chamber in inhibitory avoidance task. Results: Our findings showed that intrahippocampal injection of L-NAME (80 μg/0.5 μl/side) significantly increased the step-through latency and decreased the time spent in the dark chamber in comparison with the control group. Conclusion: Since the inhibition of NO synthesis resulted in memory and learning improvements in rats exposed to restraint-stress, NO might be involved in stress related learning and memory deficits. Keywords: Nitric oxide Passive avoidance stress 2014 10 01 327 336 http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-973-en.pdf
59-1006 2024-03-29 10.1002
Physiology and Pharmacology Physiol Pharmacol 24765236 24765244 10.61186/phypha 2014 18 3 Investigation of p53 and p27 expressions in the N-nitroso-N-methylureainduced breast cancer in female Wistar Albino rats Mahshid Azizian azizian424@yahoo.com S. Zahra Bathaie bahai_z@modares.ac.ir Mahboobe Ashrafi mashrafi@shirazu.ac.ir Reyhane Hoshyar hooshyar@bums.ac.ir Introduction: N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) is a carcinogen from nitrosamines family, which has been used to induce breast cancer in rodents. This model of breast cancer is very similar to the estrogen dependent breast cancer in human. As a continuation of our recent works, in the present study, the expressions of both p53 and p27 were investigated in NMU-induced breast cancer in Wistar Albino rats. Methods: Breast cancer was induced by intraperitoneal injection of NMU in Wistar Albino rats, while, normal saline was injected in the control group. After the tumors were formed and reached a proper size, the rats in both groups were sacrificed under anesthesia and samples were obtained from mammary tumors as well as normal breast tissue. Expressions of p53 and p27 genes were investigated by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR). Results: NMU injection induced breast cancer in rats. RT-PCR data showed that p53 expression was increased (p>0.05), while p27 expression was decreased in rat mammary tumors compared with the normal tissue of normal rats (p>0.05). This study is being continued to confirm the results, but these findings are compatible with our previous data about cyclin D1 and p21 expressions in tumor tissue. Conclusion: The results indicate opposite changes in the expression of p53 and p27 in cancerous breast tissue in comparison with the normal breast tissue. Breast Cancer N-Nitroso-N-Methylurea (NMU) p53 p27 2014 10 01 337 346 http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-1006-en.pdf
59-949 2024-03-29 10.1002
Physiology and Pharmacology Physiol Pharmacol 24765236 24765244 10.61186/phypha 2014 18 3 Effects of Citrullus Colocynthis pulp on serum testosterone and LH levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats Fereshteh Ostovan fereshte.ostovan@yahoo.com Ali Gol agol@mail.uk.ac.ir Hakimeh Olomi oloumi.ha@gmail.com Introduction: Diabetes drastically increases the risk of developing reproductive system disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Citrullus Colocynthis pulp on testosterone and LH levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into four groups as follows (n = 8 in each group): 1) normal, 2) pulp, 3) diabetic, and 4) treatment groups. Normal and diabetic groups orally received 2 ml normal saline for 2 weeks, while pulp and treatment groups orally received 30 mg/kg BW Citrullus Colocynthis pulp for 2 weeks. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg BW). Results: The diabetic group showed a significant decrease in blood testosterone (p<0.001) and LH (P<0.01) levels as compared to the normal group. However, treatment group had a significant increase (p<0.01) in testosterone and LH levels as compared to the diabetic group. Conclusion: The data suggested that Citrullus colocynthis pulp administered at 30 mg/kg BW for 2 weeks may have beneficial effects on the damages in reproductive system, serum glucose impairment and loss of weight of testes caused by diabetes in rats through hypothalamus– pituitary–testis axis. Diabetes Citrullus Colocynthis testosterone Luteinizing hormone rat 2014 10 01 347 353 http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-949-en.pdf
59-1003 2024-03-29 10.1002
Physiology and Pharmacology Physiol Pharmacol 24765236 24765244 10.61186/phypha 2014 18 3 Effects of mobile phone jammer on the anxiety level of male and female mice Majid Jadidi Jadidim@semums.ac.ir Hossein Miladi-Gorji miladi331@yahoo.com Moghadaseh Mahdinezhad m.mohana6650@yahoo.com Hojatollah Torkmandi m.mohana6650@yahoo.com Introduction: With the increase in mobile phone usage in public places, the use of mobile phone jammer has also increased therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of mobile phone jammer on the level of anxiety in mice. Methods: Forty male and 40 female naive mice (25-30 g) were randomly divided into four groups (control, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz and 900+1800 MHz exposures). Animals were exposed to mobile phone jammer radiation for 2 h. Then, anxiety-like behaviors were tested in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) model and light and dark (L/D) box. Results: Results showed that mobile phone jammer exposure at 900 MHz reduced the time spent in the lit side of the L/D box (P = 0.008) in male mice compared with the control group. While, 1800 MHz waves increased time spent in the lit side of the L/D box and in the EPM open arm as compared to the control group in both male and female mice (P = 0.05). Also, 1800 + 900 waves increased the time spent in the dark side of the L/D box in the female mice (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: The results showed that mobile phone jammer radiation at 900 MHz and 900+1800 MHz frequencies increased the level of anxiety in male and female mice, respectively. Thus, it seems that this apparatus cannot be used as a safe device in popular places. Mobile phone jammer Elevated plus maze Light and dark box male and female mice 2014 10 01 354 363 http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-1003-en.pdf
59-1010 2024-03-29 10.1002
Physiology and Pharmacology Physiol Pharmacol 24765236 24765244 10.61186/phypha 2014 18 3 Cytotoxic effect of methanolic extracts of vegetative and reproductive parts of Vinca rosea on A431, a human skin squamous carcinoma cell line Yalda Khazaei Poul khazaei_yalda@yahoo.com Ahmad Majd ahmad_majd2005@yahoo.com Farzaneh Labibi labifar@yahoo.com Taraneh Moini Zanjani tzanjani@yahoo.com Introduction: Vinca rosea, an important medicinal plant, is well-known for its anticancer properties especially against breast cancer. In this study, we compared the cytotoxic effects of methanolic extracts of the vegetative (young and old leaves) and reproductive (flowers) organs of this plant on a human squamous cell carcinoma using MTT assay. Methods: The cytotoxic effects of Vinca rosea's methanolic extracts of young and old leaves as well as flowers were assessed on A431, a human skin squamous carcinoma cell line using different concentrations. To compare the cytotoxicities, cells without being exposed to extracts were used as control. Cells were incubated with plant extracts in triplicate in 96 wells microplates and cytotoxicity was determined by the MTT assay. The experiments were repeated 4 times and IC50 values were calculated. Cell viability was also evaluated by trypan blue staining. Results: A time dependent decrease in IC50 values of extracts was observed during the experimental period, and a significant inhibition in cell proliferation was observed after the exposure of cells to the reproductive part of the plant (flower) after 48 hours of incubation. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the reproductive part of the plant is more effective in reducing cell proliferation compared to the vegetative organ. Moreover, the incubation time can influence the IC50 value and the antiproliferative activity of the methanolic extract of Vinca rosea’s reproductive part. Vinca rosea methanolic extract A431 cell line MTT assay 2014 10 01 364 372 http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-1010-en.pdf