en Neurophysiology/Pharmacology Neurophysiology/Pharmacology Experimental research article Experimental research article <span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="line-height:115%"><b>Background:</b> Epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder associated with oxidative stress. <i>Asarum europaeum</i> (<a name="_Hlk233927418"><i>A. europaeum</i></a>) has been traditionally used for treatment of various diseases, but its neuromodulatory potential remains poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize the phytochemical profile of <i>A. europaeum</i> extract and investigate its anticonvulsant and antioxidant effects in a pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure model.<br /> <b>Methods:</b> Rats were divided into experimental groups, including PTZ group, groups pretreated with Diazepam (0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg), and <i>A. europaeum</i> extract (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg). Seizures were induced by PTZ (65 mg/kg) administration, and behavioral parameters (seizure onset latency, latency to tonic-clonic, duration of tonic-clonic, and severity) were recorded. Also, oxidative stress markers including superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, were measured in the hippocampus and cortex tissues.<br /> <b>Results:</b> Phytochemical analysis showed the existence of alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids. Pretreatment with the Diazepam and <i>A. europaeum</i> extract significantly increased seizure latency and reduced both the duration, severity of seizures, and decreased the mortality rate compared to the PTZ group. Furthermore, in the PTZ group SOD activity and reduced GSH levels decreased, while Diazepam and <i>A. europaeum</i> extract significantly restored SOD activity and replenishing GSH levels in both the hippocampus and cortex.<br /> <b>Conclusion:</b> The <i>A. europaeum</i> extract demonstrated anticonvulsant and antioxidant protective that possibly involves the modulation of inhibitory neurotransmission and the preservation of endogenous antioxidant. These findings suggested by the presence of flavonoids and alkaloids, and <i>A. europaeum </i>extract could use as a substance for management of epilepsy.</span></span></span> A. europaeum extract,Epilepsy,Diazepam,Pentylenetetrazol,Oxidative Stress 0 0 http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2071-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mahsa Sabernavaei Navaei.ma@iums.ac.ir 3200319475328460039733 3200319475328460039733 No Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences.Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences. Asie Shojaii Shojaii.a@iums.ac.ir 3200319475328460039734 3200319475328460039734 No Institute for Studies in Medical History, Persian and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences.Department of traditional pharmacy, School of Persian medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences. Elaheh Abdollahi elahe_abdollahi86@gmail.com 3200319475328460039735 3200319475328460039735 No Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences. Shaghayegh Ghaffari ghaffarisarabishaghayegh@gmail.com 3200319475328460039736 3200319475328460039736 No 2Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Amin AAlizadeh aminaalizadeh30@gmail.com 3200319475328460039737 3200319475328460039737 No Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences. Navid Sadeghi navidsdgb@yahoo.com 3200319475328460039738 3200319475328460039738 No Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences. Ghorbangol Ashabi Gh-ashabi@tums.ac.ir 3200319475328460039739 3200319475328460039739 No Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.Iran Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Afshin Kheradmand kheradmand.a@iums.ac.ir 3200319475328460039740 3200319475328460039740 Yes Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences.