2024-03-29T00:22:19+03:30
http://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?mag_id=45&slc_lang=en&sid=1
45-683
2024-03-29
10.1002
Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiol Pharmacol
24765236
24765244
10.61186/phypha
2011
15
1
Electrophysiological characteristics of hippocampal CA1 neurons after spreading depression-triggered epileptic activity in brain slices
Parviz
Shahabi
Ali
Gorji
gorjial@uni-uenster.de
Yaghoub
Fathollahi
fatolahi@modares.ac.ir
Mahyar
Janahmadi
Javad
Mirnajafi-zade
Jalil
Arabkheradmand
Marius
Alexander Eickhoff
Introduction: A close link between spreading depression (SD) and several neurological diseases such as epilepsy
could be demonstrated in many experimental studies. Epilepsy is among the most common brain disorders. Despite a
large number of investigations, its mechanisms have not been yet well elucidated. Hippocampus is one of the important
structures involved in seizures. The aim of this study is to get an insight into the patho-physiological processes induced
by SD that lead to the generation of epileptiform field potentials.
Methods: The horizontal amygdala-hippocampus-neocortex slices of rat brain in which SD was induced by KCl
application in each brain structure were used. Following GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline superfusion (1.25
μmol/L, for 45 min), SD induced epileptic activity in all tested slices was monitored.
Results: The induction of SD in the hippocampus resulted in interictal and ictal epileptiform field potentials and
intracellular paroxysmal depolarization shifts (PDS). After SD, RMP slightly depolarized and the threshold of AP
decreased, while the frequency of AP significantly increased. Amplitude of depolarization and also amplitude of
discharges were also significantly increased. ISI significantly decreased and the most of neurons shifted from FA to SA
indicating an enhanced excitability.
Conclusion: SD may cause pathological changes in brain structures such as increased excitation and/or decreased
inhibition. Propagation of SD over epileptogenic areas may trigger seizure attacks in some patients and our findings
provide evidence on the role of SD in temporal lobe epilepsy.
Key words: Epilepsy
Horizontal slices
Spreading depression
Ictal burst activity
Bicuculline
2011
4
01
1
15
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-683-en.pdf
45-661
2024-03-29
10.1002
Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiol Pharmacol
24765236
24765244
10.61186/phypha
2011
15
1
Evidences on the existence of a new potassium channel in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) of rat hepatocytes
Sajjad
Salari
Afsaneh Afsaneh
Eliassi
afeliassi@sbmu.ac.ir
Reza
Saghiri
Introduction: we have recently reported the presence of two potassium currents with 598 and 368 pS conductance
in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) membrane. The 598 pS channel was voltage dependent and ATP sensitive.
However, the 368 pS channel was rarely observed and its identity remained obscure. Since cationic channels in
intracellular organelles such as mitochondria and RER play important roles in intracellular signaling and cellular
protection, studying their biophysical and pharmacological properties is important.
Methods: we used channel incorporation into bilayer lipid membrane method. L-α-Phosphatidylcholine (PC), a
membrane lipid, was extracted from fresh egg yolk. Bilayer lipid membrane was formed in a 150 μm diameter hole.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum vesicles were obtained from liver after homogenization and several centrifugations. All
recordings were filtered at 1 kHz and stored at a sampling rate of 10 kHz for offline analysis by PClamp9. Statistical
analysis was performed based on Markov noise free single channel analysis.
Results: A 364 pS potassium channel was identified which was voltage independent in +50 to -50 mV voltages. In
all voltages, open probability (Po) was over 0.9. Nonspecific inhibitor of K+ channels, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 20 mM),
inhibited the channel activity. However, intracellular nucleotide like ATP had no effect on channel gating.
Conclusion: We observed a new potassium channel with 346 pS conductance in RER membrane that unlike the 598
pS K channel was not ATP sensitive. This channel may play an important role in Ca2+ homeostasis and cell protection.
Key words: BLM
endoplasmic reticulum
potassium channel
2011
4
01
16
26
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-661-en.pdf
45-690
2024-03-29
10.1002
Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiol Pharmacol
24765236
24765244
10.61186/phypha
2011
15
1
Electrophysiological investigation of the cellular effect of anethole, the chief constitute of anise, on F1 neuronal excitability in garden snail
Zahra
Ghasemi
Majid
Hassanpour-Ezatti
Mohammad
Kamalinejad
Mahyar
Janahmadi
mjanahmadi@yahoo.com
Introduction: Anethole is the main constituent of Pimpinella anisum L. (anise), a herbaceous annual plant which
has several therapeutic effects. In the folk medicine, anise is employed as an antiepileptic drug. Specifically, this study
was focused on the cellular effect of anethole, an aromatic compound in essential oils from anise and camphor.
Anethole has various physiological effects on the cardiovascular system and smooth and skeletal muscles. However,
despite these persistent effects, there is little information available about the actions of anethole on nerve cells.
Therefore, a major goal of the present research was to investigate the possible cellular mechanisms underlying the effect
of anethole on the neural excitability and action potential characteristics in snail neurons.
Methods: Intracellular recordings were made under the current clamp condition on F1 cells of Helix aspersa.
Following extracellular application of anethole (0.5% or 2%), changes in the firing pattern and action potential
parameters were assessed and compared to control condition.
Results: Application of anethole (0.5% and 2%) led to a significant increase in the action potential amplitude and a
reduction in the peak area and time to peak. In the presence of 0.5% anethole, the after hyperpolarization (AHP)
amplitude was significantly decreased, while the firing frequency of neurons was increased. However, 2% anethole did
not affect the AHP amplitude, but significantly reduced the firing frequency of action potentials.
Conclusion: Based on the effect of anethole on the action potential parameters, it can be concluded that it probably
affects the voltage gated ion channels function, including Ca2+ channels and/or Ca2+ dependent K+ channels activity.
Anethole
Intracellular recording
neuronal excitability
ion channels
2011
4
01
27
35
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-690-en.pdf
45-644
2024-03-29
10.1002
Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiol Pharmacol
24765236
24765244
10.61186/phypha
2011
15
1
Frequency-dependent anti arrhythmic effects if Crataegus monogyna on extracellular field potential recording in experimental model of AF atrioventricular Node of rabbit.
Vahid
Khori
vaph99@yahoo.com
Mohammad
Azadbakht
Mohsen
Nayebpour
vaph99@yahoo.com
Amirhosean
Jamshidi
Mona
Pourabouk
abook_8181@yahoo.com
Alimohammad
Alizadeh
alizadeh@yahoo.com
Fakhri
Badaghabadi
nazari_2005@yahoo.com
Shima
Changizi
changizi@yahoo.com
Maryam
Rajaei
Introduction: Despite extensive studies about effects of Crataegus monogyna on cardiovascular diseases yet, a few study has been undertaken antiarrhythmic property of this plant. Aims of the present study were: 1) To determine the protective role of methanolic extract of C.monogyna on the rate-dependent model and the concealed conduction . 2) To explore the role of Na+-K+ A TPase in the protective role of C.monogyna. Methods: In all experiments were used of male New Zealand rabbits (1.5-2kg). Stimulation protocols were used to measure basic and rate-dependent ( recovery, atrial fibrilation and zone of concealment ) AV nodal properties in two groups(N=14) . In the first group all the stimulation protocols before and after different concentrations of C.monogyna extract were repeated (n=7) in the second group (n=7) in the presence of all stimulation protocols Ouabaine(0.05 m M) and extract were repeated. All results have been shown as Mean±SE. Results: Basic and rate-dependent properties of node were inhibited after addition of plant extract of C.monogyna to KerebsHenselite solution . At the maximum concentration of cratagus.m(30 mg/l),WBCL cycle longth is increased significantly from 156.5±3.4 to 173±5.8 ms and nodal functional refractory is prolonged from 164.4±4.1 to 182.7±3.8 ms(P < 0.05).Was recorded Significant decreases of ventricular rhythm in both selective concentrations of plant. The depressent electrophysiologic effect of C.monogyna on the AV node did abolish inhibt by ouabaine.(Selective inhibitore Na+-K+ A TPase Enzyme ). Conclusion: All results are indicating the potential anti-arrhythmic and protective effects of C.monogyna . The effect of plant in increasing nodal refractory period and widen concealment zone might be the major mechanism of this plant. The protective role of cratagus.m does not related to the Na+-K+ A TPase activity.
Hydroalcoholic extract of C.monogyna
rate-dependent properties
Zone of concealment
2011
4
01
36
46
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-644-en.pdf
45-671
2024-03-29
10.1002
Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiol Pharmacol
24765236
24765244
10.61186/phypha
2011
15
1
Role of Orexin-A receptors within the Locus Coeruleus in the antinociception induced by microinjection of carbachol into the lateral hypothalamus
Mir-Shahram
Safari
mir_shahram@yahoo.com
Abbas
Haghparast
haghparast@yahoo.com
Saeed
Semnanian
ssemnan@modares.ac.ir
Abolhassan
Ahmadiani
aahmadiani@yahoo.com
Introduction: Previous studies have shown that stimulation of lateral hypothalamus (LH) produces antinociception.
Orexin-A (OXA) receptor is strongly expressed in the nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) and orexinergic fibers densely
project from LH to LC. In this study, we assessed the role of LC and its OXA receptors in antinociceptive response
induced by LH chemical stimulation in the rat.
Methods: The cholinergic agonist carbachol (125nmol/0.5μl saline) and lidocaine (2% 0.5μl) were unilaterally
microinjected into the LH with the concurrent LC inactivation. In another set of experiments, SB-334867 an OXA
selective antagonist or its vehicle were unilaterally infused in LC to study its effect on LH stimulation-induced
antinociception. Antinociceptive responses were obtained by the tail flick test and were presented as maximal possible
effect (MPE) at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 60 min after drug administrations.
Results: The results showed that microinjection of carbachol into the LH significantly induced antinociception at 5
and 10 min (p<0.001). This effect was significantly blocked by microinjection of lidocaine into the LC. Additionally,
intra-LC administration of SB-334867 (4.5 μg) could suppress the LH stimulation-induced antinociception by carbachol
at 5 and 10 min post-injection times (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Our findings showed that analgesic response induced by LH stimulation is mediated in part by the
subsequent activation of LC neurons and results from the activation of orexinergic inputs into the LC that can modulate
the pain processing.
Key words: Locus coeruleus
Lateral hypothalamus
Orexin
Carbachol
Pain
2011
4
01
47
56
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-671-en.pdf
45-648
2024-03-29
10.1002
Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiol Pharmacol
24765236
24765244
10.61186/phypha
2011
15
1
In vivo evaluation of physiological efficacy of insulin-loaded nanoliposomes prepared for oral delivery
Amir
Gharib
amirgharib@gmail.com
zohreh
faezizadeh
faezizadeh@modares.ac.ir
Introduction: Oral delivery is the most favorable route for insulin administration. The aim of this study was to
generate new chitosan coated insulin nanoliposomes and then to assess the physiological efficacy of these
nanoliposomes after oral administration in diabetic rabbits.
Methods: Nanoliposomes with negative surface charge encapsulating insulin were prepared by reverse phase
evaporation method. To prepare nanoliposomes, lecithin, cholesterol, acetyl-diphosphate and β-cyclodexterin were
used. Then, nanoliposomes were coated by means of incubation with the chitosan solution. The encapsulation efficiency
of prepared nanoliposomes was measured by spectrophotometry technique after dissolution of the nanoparticles. The
hypoglycemic efficacy of chitosan-coated insulin nanoliposomes were investigated by monitoring the blood glucose
level after oral administration to diabetic rabbits.
Results: Insulin entrapment efficacy for preparation of new formulated nanoliposomes 79±0.16 were significantly
higher than other formulations (p<0.05). The in vivo results clearly indicated that the insulin-loaded nanoliposomes
could effectively reduce the blood glucose level in diabetic rabbits from 250±0.75 mg/dl to 125±0.98 mg/dl after 4
hours.
Conclusion: The results clearly suggest that nanoliposomes may be considered as a good tool for oral insulin
delivery.
chitosan
insulin
nanoliposome
entrapment efficacy
2011
4
01
57
65
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-648-en.pdf
45-678
2024-03-29
10.1002
Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiol Pharmacol
24765236
24765244
10.61186/phypha
2011
15
1
Screening of the anticonvulsant potential of some common medicinal plants of Iran in pentylenetetrazole and maximal electroshock seizure models in male mice
Mohammad
Sayyah
sayyahm2@yahoo.com
Hanife
Faraji
Aghdas
Dehghani
Hamid
Bakhtiari
Mohammad
Kamalinejad
Jamshid
Narenjkar
Introduction: Jugulans regia (Jugulandaceae), Astragaus hamosus (Papilionaceae), Crocus pallasii subsp.
haussknechtii boiss. (Iridaceae) and Cassia angustifolia Vahl. (Caesalpinaceae) have been suggested as antiepileptic
remedies in traditional medicine of Iran. The possible anticonvulsant effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves
of J. regia, fruits of A. hamosus, corm of C. haussknechtii, and aerial parts of C. angustifolia was evaluated in common
experimental seizure tests in mice.
Methods: The hydroalcoholic extracts of the plants were obtained by percolation of 100g of air-dried part of each
plant in 900 ml ethanol 80%. Different doses of the extracts were intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered in mice (10 male
mice in each group) and occurrence of clonic seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ 60mg/kg, i.p.) or tonic
seizures induced by maximal electroshock (MES 50mA, 50Hz, 0.5sec) was observed 30 min thereafter. Acute toxicity
of the extracts was also assessed.
Results: J. regia, C. haussknechtii, C. angustifolia did not show any anticonvulsant activity up to the maximum safe
doses of 3 g/kg, 0.25 g/kg and 2 g/kg, respectively. A. hamosus had anticonvulsant effect in PTZ test at the high and
sedative dose of 6 g/kg. The extracts did not affect tonic seizures induced by MES.
Conclusion: J. regia, C. haussknechtii, C. angustifolia and A. hamosus had no anticonvulsant activity in PTZ and
MES seizure tests.
Key words: J. regia
C. haussknechtii
C. angustifolia
A. hamosus
seizure
2011
4
01
66
71
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-678-en.pdf
45-684
2024-03-29
10.1002
Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiol Pharmacol
24765236
24765244
10.61186/phypha
2011
15
1
Metabotropic glutamate receptors and their ligands applications in neurological and psychiatric disorders
Ali
Shahraki
shahraki66@yahoo.co.uk
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) consist of a large family of G-protein coupled receptors that are critical
for regulating normal neuronal function in the central nervous system. The wide distribution and diverse physiological
roles of various mGluR subtypes make them highly attractive targets for the treatment of a number of neurological and
psychiatric disorders. The discovery of subtype selective ligands for these receptors has provided the tools to support a
number of preclinical studies, suggesting the numerous therapeutic potential that lies in the ability selectively to
modulate a specific mGluR subtype. mGluRs do not activate ion channels directly but instead through G-protiens
activate second messenger mechanisms in the neurons. So far 8 subtypes of mGluRs have been identified which divided
into three groups (Group I, II, and III) according to their sequence similarities, Signal transduction mechanisms and
pharmacological properties. Depending on the receptor subtype, they might be localized at presynaptic or postsynaptic
sites which regulate glutamate and other neurotransmitters release.
As I applied many mGluR ligands on hippocampal slices and observed interesting results on synaptic transmission
and modulation of certain neurotransmitters such as adenosine, I intended to study their application in neurological
diseases. The method was based on my experiences from researches and different seminars to evaluate last decade
development on mGluRs and their ligands application in certain neurological disorders. Therefore, aim of this review
article is to describe mGluRs and their role in the excitotoxicity and neuroprotection. Then, application of different
mGluR ligands for the treatment of a variety of neurological disorders including schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease,
anxiety disorders, epilepsy, and drug abuse has been described.
Metabotropic glutamatereceptors
excitotoxicity
neuroprotection
neurological disorders
synaptic transmission.
2011
4
01
72
89
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-684-en.pdf
45-680
2024-03-29
10.1002
Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiol Pharmacol
24765236
24765244
10.61186/phypha
2011
15
1
Expression of gonadotropin inhibitory hormone in the preoptic area and its relation with phases of estrous cycle of ewe
Mohammad Reza
Jafarzadeh Shirazi
mrjaafarzadeh@yahoo.com
Mohammad Reza
Namavar
namavarm@sums.ac.ir
Amin
Tamadon
tamadon@shirazu.ac.ir
Introduction: Gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH) has been known as a key inhibitor of the secretion of
gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). Ewe has estrous cycles comprising of follicular and luteal phases. Follicular
phase is in turn divided into proestrous and estrous phases. Blood level of LH increases in follicular and decreases in
luteal phases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate (1) the presence of GnIH neurons in the ewe preoptic area
(POA) and (2) the alterations of GnIH expression during different phases of ewe estrous cycle.
Methods: Three fertile three-year-old ewes in each phase (n=9) were selected and the number of GnIH neurons was
estimated by using immunohistochemistry method.
Results: GnIH neurons were present in the POA during different phases of estrous cycle. The number of GnIH
neurons significantly increased in the luteal phase in comparison with the proestrous phase (P=0.001).
Conclusion: GnIH expression in the neurons of POA of ewe is increased in the luteal phase compared to the
follicular phase. This can inhibit GnRH secretion in POA and reduce LH secretion during the luteal phase.
Key words: Gonadotropin inhibitory hormone
Estrous cycle
Preoptic area
Ewe.
2011
4
01
90
96
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-680-en.pdf
45-658
2024-03-29
10.1002
Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiol Pharmacol
24765236
24765244
10.61186/phypha
2011
15
1
Characterization of biophysical properties of single chloride channel in rat brain mitochondrial inner membrane by channel incorporation into bilayer lipid membrane
Javad
Fahanik babaei
Fahanikbabaei1358@gmail.com
Afsaneh
Eliassi
afeliassi@sbmu.ac.ir.
Reza
Saghiri
Introduction: Recent studies have shown the presence of Cl- channels in heart and liver mitochondrial membranes.
In this work, we have characterized the functional profile of a Cl- channel from rat brain mitochondria.
Methods: After removing and homogenizing the rat brain, the supernatant was separately centrifuged in MSEdigitonin,
H2O and Na2CO3 and mitochondrial inner membrane vesicles were obtained in MSE solution. L-α-
Phosphatidylcholine (membrane lipid) was extracted from fresh egg yolk. Bilayer lipid membranes were formed in a
150 μm diameter hole. All recordings were filtered at 1 kHz and stored at a sampling rate of 10 kHz for offline analysis
by PClamp10. Statistical analysis was performed based on Markov noise free single channel analysis.
Results: Brain mitochondrial inner membrane preparations were subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis and channel
protein reconstitution into planar lipid bilayers. Western blotting and antibodies directed against various cellular
proteins revealed that the mitochondrial inner membrane fractions did not contain specific proteins of the other
subcellular compartments except a very small fraction of endoplasmic reticulum. Channel incorporation into the planar
lipid bilayers revealed an anion selective channel with a conductance of 301 pS in 200 mM KCl cis/50 mM KCl trans.
The channel open probability appeared to be voltage dependent and the channel was active between the voltages of -40
and +20 mV. Adding 10 μM DIDS to the side corresponding to the cell internal medium caused a strong inhibition of
the channel activity.
Conclusion: This channel is likely to be involved in maintaining proper pH, membrane potential, ATP synthesis,
and cell protection.
Key words: mitochondria; chloride channel
Bilayer lipid membrane
DIDS
2011
4
01
97
107
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-658-en.pdf
45-660
2024-03-29
10.1002
Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiol Pharmacol
24765236
24765244
10.61186/phypha
2011
15
1
Effect of intracerebroventricular injection of olive leaf extract on PTZ-induced seizures in male rats
Morteza
Zendehdel
zendedel@ut.ac.ir
Keyvan
Keramati
Sedigheh
Garavand
Introduction: Olive leaf contains anti-inflammatory and COX-2 inhibitor compounds. Considering the role of the
COX enzyme in seizures, this research was performed to assess the effects of this extract in treatment of seizures
induced by PTZ.
Methods: In this research, male Wistar rats (200±20 g) were injected intra-cerebroventricularly with 1 μl saline or
olive leaf extract (125 μg, 250 μg and 500 μg), before the intraperitoneal administration of PTZ (80 mg/kg) for
induction of seizure. Then, seizure score and onset times of every stage of seizure were recorded during 20 minutes
after PTZ administration. The data was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and non parametric tests.
Results: Result of this research showed that the injection of 125, 250 and 500 μg of olive leaf extract had no effect
on the onset time of seizure stages 1, 2 and 3 compared to the control group (P>0.05). However, they significantly
decreased the onset time of seizure stages 4 and 5 compared to the control group (P<0.05). On the other hand, olive leaf
extract decreased onset time of generalized (tonic-clonic) seizures, but had no effect on partial seizures. Different doses
of olive leaf extract had no effect on seizure scores.
Conclusion: Olive leaf extract has convulsive property and this effect is time and dose dependent.
Key words: Epilepsy
Olive-leaf extract
PTZ
2011
4
01
108
115
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-660-en.pdf
45-701
2024-03-29
10.1002
Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiol Pharmacol
24765236
24765244
10.61186/phypha
2011
15
1
Effects of pretreatment with non hypotensive dose of ramiprilat and losartan on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion induced arrhythmias and infarct size in rats
Fatemeh
Safari
fa.cardio@gmail.com
Sohrab
Hajizadeh
hajizads@modares.ac.ir
Shahnaz
Shekarforush
sh.shekar@yahoo.com
Mehdi
Forouzandeh
Mohsen
Foadoddini
foadmohsen@yahoo.com
Gholamreza
Bayat
gbayat2005@yahoo.com
Bita
Houshmand
b_hooshmand@modares.ac.ir
Ali
Khoshbaten
a.khoshbaten@bmsu.ac.ir
Introduction: Inhibition of renin angiotensin system represents an important approach in the management of
cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of pretreatment with non-hypotensive dose of
angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, ramiprilat and angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker, losartan on
myocardial infarct size and arrhythmias in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Methods: Seventy male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. One group received saline as control. Other
groups were given 10 mg/kg/day of losartan for one (L-1W) or ten weeks (L-10W) as well as 50 μg/kg/day of ramiprilat
for one (R-1W) or ten weeks (R-10W) using a feeding needle. The rats were subjected to 30 minutes occlusion and 120
minutes reperfusion of the left coronary artery. Infarct size was determined using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride
staining. Ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmias were analyzed in accordance with the Lambeth conventions.
Results: Myocardial infarct size and the number of ventricular beats were significantly reduced in R-1W group, but
the reduction was not significant in L-1W. After increasing the duration of pretreatment to 10 weeks in L-10W group,
the infarct size, the number of ventricular beats and the episodes of ventricular tachycardia were significantly decreased.
However in R-10W group the reduction of ventricular arrhythmias was not significant
Conclusion: Based on the above mentioned results it could be concluded that losartan and ramiprilat, at a nonhypotensive
dose, can reduce the induction of arrhythmias and infarct size following myocardial ischemia reperfusion.
These drugs appear to act in a time-dependent manner. Therefore, we expected an increased cardiac effect by long-term
administration of losartan. However prolonged treatment with ramiprilat reduced its protective effect.
Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Infarct
Ramiprilat
Losartan
Arrhythmia
2011
4
01
116
123
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-701-en.pdf
45-672
2024-03-29
10.1002
Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiol Pharmacol
24765236
24765244
10.61186/phypha
2011
15
1
A Study on the Serum Levels of Angiogenic Factors in Response to Acute Long-term Submaximal Exercise in Sedentary Men
kamal
Ranjbar
kamal_ranjbar2008@yahoo.com
maryam
Nourshahi
m-nourshahi@sbu.ac.ir
Mahdi
Hedayati
hossin
Taheri
Introduction: Exercise training increases skeletal muscle capillary density, but the molecular mechanisms of this
process are not yet clear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of acute long- term submaximal
exercise on serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as the main angiogenic factor, and matrix
metalloproteinases 2 and 9 ( MMP-2 and MMP-9), as the degrading factors of basement membrane in sedentary men.
Methods: Twelve healthy sedentary men (mean age ± SD = 22.37 ± 2.30 years mean BMI ± SD 23.91 ± 2.74)
were randomly selected among the volunteers. After determining VO2 max, subjects exercised on ergometer for 1 h at
70% V02 max. Two ml of blood was taken from antecubital vein immediately after exercise and 2 hours postexercise.
Serum VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were measured by ELISA.
Results: Serum levels of VEGF and MMP-2 decreased immediately after exercise. Two hours after exercise, the
serum VEGF remained at a lower level but serum MMP-2 returned to basal level. No change was detected in the serum
levels of MMP-9 immediately and 2 h after exercise.
Conclusion: Acute submaximal exercise decreased the main factors involved in the development of capillary
network in sedentary men. This might be due to the fact that the submaximal exercise could not provide the two main
stimulating factors of angiogenesis, i.e. shear stress and hypoxia. It could also be explained by the fact that the
mechanism of development of capillary network following regular exercise training is different from that following an
acute exercise.
angiogenesis
VEGF
Matrix metalloproteinase
acute exercise
2011
4
01
124
133
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-672-en.pdf
45-664
2024-03-29
10.1002
Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiol Pharmacol
24765236
24765244
10.61186/phypha
2011
15
1
Study of the the anxiolytic effects of fennel and possible roles of both gabaergic system and estrogen receptors in these effects in adult female rat
sara
pourabbas
sarapourabbas@yahoo.com
mahnaz
kesmati
mahnazkessmati@yahoo.com
abdolrahman
rasekh
rasekh_a@scu.ac.ir
Introduction: Fennel is rich in phytoestrogens and is used for estrogen deficiency disorders. Estrogens affect
anxiety through neurochemical systems such as GABA-A receptors. In this study the effects of fennel on GABA-A and
estrogen receptors in anxiety were investigated.
Methods: Adult female Wistar rats weighing (180±20 g) were divided into 8 groups. Groups received saline, fennel
(200, 500, 750 mg/kg), tamoxifen (15 mg/kg) + fennel (500 mg/kg), picrotoxin (1 mg/kg) + fennel (500 mg/kg). A
control group was also used. Elevated plus maze was used for evaluation of anxiety by measuring the time spent in the
open arm. All drugs were administered intraperitoneally.
Results: The results showed that fennel only at the dose of 500 mg/kg had significant anxiolytic effects and
increased the time spent in open arms (P<0.01). Picrotoxin (GABA-A antagonist) significantly prevented anxiolytic
effect of 500 mg/kg of fennel (P<0.001). Tamoxifen, an estrogen receptor antagonist, also abolished the anxiolytic
effect of fennel (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Fennel reduced anxiety in rats and picrotoxin, a non-competitive antagonist of GABA-A receptors, as
well as tamoxifen, an antagonist/agonist of estrogen receptors, reduced this anxiolytic effect. Thus fennel as a herbal
drug seems to have an anxiolytic effect and it probably acts through GABA-A and estrogen receptors.
Key words: Anxiety
Fennel
Tamoxifen
Picrotoxin
Elevated Plus Maze
2011
4
01
134
143
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-664-en.pdf
45-686
2024-03-29
10.1002
Physiology and Pharmacology
Physiol Pharmacol
24765236
24765244
10.61186/phypha
2011
15
1
Scrutiny of brain signals variations in regions Cz, C3 and C4 under Local Exposure of Extremely Low Frequency and Weak pulsed Magnetic Field to promote Neurofeedback systems
Zeinab
Amiri Fallah
zaf1363@gmail.com
Mohammad
Firoozabadi
pourmir@modares.ac.ir
Ali
Shafiei
salishafiei@yahoo.com
Abassali
Assadi
draassadi@yahoo.com
Introduction: Researchers have long been interested in the effects of low intensity (less than 500 microtesla) and
Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields (ELF-MF, less than 300 Hz) on human’s brain activity. In this study, our
purpose was to analyze the effect of local magnetic field pulses around brain regions Cz, C3, C4 on human
electroencephalogram (EEG) and induction of resonance effect formedical utilization in Low Energy Neurofeedback
System (LENS).
Methods: EEG of 15 healthy women was recorded in four sessions (3 exposure sessions and one session as sham).
In exposure sessions, ELF-MF pulses were exerted locally for 3 minutes with intensities of 100, 200 and 300 microtesla
with frequencies of 10 Hz on region Cz, 18 Hz on region C3 and 14 Hz on region C4. Frequency bands power were
extracted from participants' EEGs and were compared during, before and after the exposure with each other andwith
the sham session. Comparison between exposure groups and sham group were performed with independent t-test and
paired t-test.
Results: The results showed that pulsed and local ELF-MF decreases the beta band power in all three regions during
the exposure (7.9 to 11.6 percent) in comparison with before the exposure with 95% certainty. Meanwhile developed
variations during the exposure are transient and different from variations after interruption of exposure. The resonance
effect was observed nowhere around the regions.
Conclusion: Exertion of ELF-MF pulses on human brain locally change the EEG pattern and alterations persist for
15 minutes after exposure. Also EEG of other central regions varies. Therefore for recognition of effects of these fields
and application of them in LENS we should consider simultaneous exposure and interhemispheric ELF-MF.
Key words: Local and pulsed ELF-MF
EEG
Low Energy Neurofeedback System (LENS)
2011
4
01
144
163
http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-686-en.pdf